LINeu

Videoaulas de Neuroanatomia com enfoque nos seguintes assuntos: neurocrânio, neurovértebra, medula espinal, bulbo, tronco encefálico, ponte, cerebelo, diencéfalo, hemisférios cerebrais, embriologia do sistema nervoso;Não é possível instalar um arquivo de vídeo. Apenas transfira-o para seu computador e abra como um arquivo comum. Arquivos de vídeo não podem ser editados, mas podem ser visualizados em players como o VLC Media Player (que é gratuito), o Windows Media Player ou o QuickTime. Os formatos mais comuns de vídeo serão executados normalmente por estes players (avi, mpeg e mp4).VídeoUtilização dos videos como complementação do estudo de neuroanatomia

LINeu

Videoaulas de Neuroanatomia com enfoque nos seguintes assuntos: neurocrânio, neurovértebra, medula espinal, bulbo, tronco encefálico, ponte, cerebelo, diencéfalo, hemisférios cerebrais, embriologia do sistema nervoso;Não é possível instalar um arquivo de vídeo. Apenas transfira-o para seu computador e abra como um arquivo comum. Arquivos de vídeo não podem ser editados, mas podem ser visualizados em players como o VLC Media Player (que é gratuito), o Windows Media Player ou o QuickTime. Os formatos mais comuns de vídeo serão executados normalmente por estes players (avi, mpeg e mp4).VídeoUtilização dos videos como complementação do estudo de neuroanatomia

Anatomic relation between the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve and the thyroid gland

Objetivo: Descrever, prospectivamente, a relação anatômica entre o ramo externo do nervo laríngeo superior (RENLS), a artéria tireoidea superior (ATS) e a glândula tireoide em cadáveres humanos. Material e Método: Foram dissecados 22 cadáveres humanos com idade superior a 18 anos, com menos de 24 horas de pós-morte. Resultados: A medida entre o RENLS e o polo superior da glândula tireoide foi 7,68 +/- 3,07mm; entre o RENLS e a ATS foi de 4,24 +/- 2,67mm numa linha tangente ao bordo inferior da cartilagem tireoide; entre o cruzamento da ATS com o RENLS e o polo superior tireoidiano foi 9,53 +/- 4,65mm; entre o RENLS e a linha mediana do pescoço no ponto mais caudal da cartilagem tireoide foi 19,70 +/- 2,82mm; e entre o RENLS e a linha mediana do pescoço no ponto mais cranial da cartilagem cricoide foi 18,35 +/- 3,66mm. Conclusões: Há uma relação de proximidade variável entre o RENLS e o polo superior da glândula tireoide, variando de 3,25 a 15,75mm. Não constatou-se variações significativas entre as medidas para as diferentes etnias que compõem a amostra.Aim: This prospective study investigated the anatomic relations between the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN), the superior thyroid artery (STA) and the thyroid gland in human cadavers. Material and Methods: Twenty-two human cadavers aged over 18 years old, less than 24 hours after death. Results: The mean distance between the EBSLN and the superior pole of the thyroid gland was 7.68 ±3.07 mm. A tangent to the inferior edge of the thyroid cartilage between the EBSLN and the STA measured 4.24 ±2.67 mm. A line from the intersection of the EBSLN - related to the STA - to the superior pole of the thyroid gland measured 9.53 ±4.65 mm. A line from the EBSLN to the midline of the most caudal point of the thyroid cartilage measured 19.70 ±2.82 mm. A line from the RENLS to the midline on the most cranial point of the cricoid cartilage was 18.35 ±3.66 mm. Conclusion: There is a variable proximity relation between the EBSLN and the superior pole of the thyroid gland; this distance ranges from 3.25 to 15.75 mm. There was no evidence of significant variation between the measures in the ethnic groups comprising the sample

Ultra structure of the denervated vocal muscle mechanically in hogs (sus scrofa domestica)

Introduction: The literature is not clear in the ultra-structural manifestations of the vocal wrinkles after neural wound. Objective: To verify the alterations that occur in a vocal fold mechanically denervated. Method: In this prospective study, it were utilized 15 hogs of commercial race (Sus scrofa domesticates), with age of 4 to 12 weeks. The animals were distributed in three groups, chosen at random. Everybody was submitted to the denervation of the right vocal fold, with surgical removal of a segment with three centimeters of the recurring right laryngeal nerve. After 45, 90 and 180 days of the operations, it was proceeded the biopsy of the vocal muscles, it was prosecuted the samples for transmission electron microscopy and, for the ultra-structural study, utilized the transmission electron microscopy Philips, model EM208S. Results: The biopsied groups with 45 and 90 days after operation of mechanical denervation, presented disorganization miofibrilar, only vestigial lines Z in many samples, as well like altered mithochondrions presenting limited sizes, and matrix mithocondrial rarefied with rare mithocondrial cristae present. The biopsied group with 180 days after operation of denervation, presented regular sarcomeres, mithocondrions with sizes and regular number with correct positioning between the sarcomerical units. Conclusion: The finds in the ultra-structure of the vocal muscles suggest to re enervation of the muscle being that the muscular mithochondrions were the most sensible structures to the denervated condition, successions by the cytoarchiteture of the miofibrilas; the finds in the ultra-structure of the vocal muscles suggests to reinervation of the muscle in the period of approximately six months

Terminologia anatômica nasossinusal : adaptação transcultural para o português

Introduction: Functional endonasal endoscopic surgery is a frequent surgical procedure amongotorhinolaryngologists. In 2014, the European Society of Rhinology published the ‘‘EuropeanPosition Paper on the Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses’’,aiming to unify the terms in the English language. We do not yet have a unified terminology inthe Portuguese language.Objective: Transcultural adaptation of the anatomical terms of the nose and paranasal cavi-ties of the ‘‘European Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses’’ toPortuguese.Methods: A group of rhinologists from diverse parts of Brazil, all experienced in endoscopicendonasal surgery, was invited to participate in the creation of this position paper on theanatomical terms of the nose and paranasal sinuses in the Portuguese language according tothe methodology adapted from that previously described by Rudmik and Smith.Results: The results of this document were generated based on the agreement of the majorityof the participants according to the most popular suggestions among the rhinologists. A cross-cultural adaptation of the sinonasal anatomical terminology was consolidated. We suggest theterms ‘‘inferior turbinate’’, ‘‘nasal septum’’, ‘‘(bone/cartilaginous) part of the nasal septum’’,‘‘(middle/inferior) nasal meatus’’, ‘‘frontal sinus drainage pathway’’, ‘‘frontal recess’’ and‘‘uncinate process’’ be standardized.Conclusion: We have consolidated a Portuguese version of the European Anatomical Terminologyof the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses, which will help in the publication of technicalannouncements, scientific publications and the teaching of the internal anatomical terms ofthe nose and paranasal sinuses in Brazil.Introdução: A cirurgia endoscópica funcional endonasal é um procedimento cirúrgico frequente entre os otorrinolaringologistas. Em 2014, a Sociedade Europeia de Rinologia publicou o ‘‘Documento Europeu para Posicionamento sobre a Terminologia Anatômica Interna do Nariz e das Cavidades Paranasais’’ com o objetivo de unificar os termos na língua inglesa. Ainda não dispomos de uma terminologia unificada na língua portuguesa. Objetivo: Adaptação transcultural dos termos anatômicos do nariz e das cavidades paranasaispara o português da ‘‘European Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses’’. Método: Um grupo de rinologistas de todo o Brasil, com experiência em cirurgia endoscópicaendonasal, foi convidado a participar da elaboração desse posicionamento sobre os termosanatômicos do nariz e das cavidades paranasais para o português conforme metodologia adaptada da previamente descrita por Rudmik e Smith. Resultados: Os resultados desse documento foram gerados a partir da concordância da maioriados participantes conforme as sugestões mais populares entre os rinologistas. Uma adaptação transcultural da terminologia anatômica nasossinusal foi consolidada. Sugerimos que se busqueuniformizar termos como ‘‘concha inferior’’, ‘‘septo nasal’’, ‘‘porção (óssea/cartilagionasa) dosepto nasal’’, ‘‘meato (médio/ inferior) nasal’’, ‘‘via da drenagem do seio frontal’’,‘‘recessofrontal’’ e ‘‘processo uncinado’’. Conclusão: Consolidamos uma versão adaptada em português da ‘‘European Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses’’ que auxiliará a publicação de comunicados técnicos, publicações científicas e o ensino dos termos anatômicos internos do nariz e dascavidades paranasais no Brasil

The effects of passive tobacco smoking on the microcirculation of the abdominal wall in rats

PURPOSE: To analysis the effects of passive smoking on the microstructure of tissues of the abdominal wall regarding microcirculation, using histopathological study of the tobacco exposed rats. METHODS: Twenty four male Wistar rats were divided in Control Group (CG = 8 animals) and Exposition Groups (EG = 16 animals). EG was exposed to cigarette smoke 4x/day for 120 days, while CG was preserved from exposure. Food, water and housing were similar for both groups. After 120 days, urine samples were collected before necropsy to analyze cotinine levels (ng/mL) in urine and blinded histopathological analysis of the abdominal wall performed to count arteries and veins in dermal and muscular fascia layer. RESULTS: No difference in weight was observed between both groups (P>0.05). Cotinine concentration was significantly higher in EG (P<0.05). In dermal layer, the average of vessels per animal was 8.72 (IC95%: 8.31-9.13) for CG and 11,23 (IC95%: 10.09-12.38) for EG. In muscular fascia layer the average of vessels per animal was 17.97 (IC95%: 15.79-20.15) for CG, whereas the average for EG was of 14,85 (IC95%: 12.71-17.01) (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Exposition to passive smoking may cause increase in the number of vessels in dermal layer, with the opposite effects at the muscular fascia layer

Terminologia anatômica nasossinusal : adaptação transcultural para o português

Introduction: Functional endonasal endoscopic surgery is a frequent surgical procedure amongotorhinolaryngologists. In 2014, the European Society of Rhinology published the ‘‘EuropeanPosition Paper on the Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses’’,aiming to unify the terms in the English language. We do not yet have a unified terminology inthe Portuguese language.Objective: Transcultural adaptation of the anatomical terms of the nose and paranasal cavi-ties of the ‘‘European Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses’’ toPortuguese.Methods: A group of rhinologists from diverse parts of Brazil, all experienced in endoscopicendonasal surgery, was invited to participate in the creation of this position paper on theanatomical terms of the nose and paranasal sinuses in the Portuguese language according tothe methodology adapted from that previously described by Rudmik and Smith.Results: The results of this document were generated based on the agreement of the majorityof the participants according to the most popular suggestions among the rhinologists. A cross-cultural adaptation of the sinonasal anatomical terminology was consolidated. We suggest theterms ‘‘inferior turbinate’’, ‘‘nasal septum’’, ‘‘(bone/cartilaginous) part of the nasal septum’’,‘‘(middle/inferior) nasal meatus’’, ‘‘frontal sinus drainage pathway’’, ‘‘frontal recess’’ and‘‘uncinate process’’ be standardized.Conclusion: We have consolidated a Portuguese version of the European Anatomical Terminologyof the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses, which will help in the publication of technicalannouncements, scientific publications and the teaching of the internal anatomical terms ofthe nose and paranasal sinuses in Brazil.Introdução: A cirurgia endoscópica funcional endonasal é um procedimento cirúrgico frequente entre os otorrinolaringologistas. Em 2014, a Sociedade Europeia de Rinologia publicou o ‘‘Documento Europeu para Posicionamento sobre a Terminologia Anatômica Interna do Nariz e das Cavidades Paranasais’’ com o objetivo de unificar os termos na língua inglesa. Ainda não dispomos de uma terminologia unificada na língua portuguesa. Objetivo: Adaptação transcultural dos termos anatômicos do nariz e das cavidades paranasaispara o português da ‘‘European Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses’’. Método: Um grupo de rinologistas de todo o Brasil, com experiência em cirurgia endoscópicaendonasal, foi convidado a participar da elaboração desse posicionamento sobre os termosanatômicos do nariz e das cavidades paranasais para o português conforme metodologia adaptada da previamente descrita por Rudmik e Smith. Resultados: Os resultados desse documento foram gerados a partir da concordância da maioriados participantes conforme as sugestões mais populares entre os rinologistas. Uma adaptação transcultural da terminologia anatômica nasossinusal foi consolidada. Sugerimos que se busqueuniformizar termos como ‘‘concha inferior’’, ‘‘septo nasal’’, ‘‘porção (óssea/cartilagionasa) dosepto nasal’’, ‘‘meato (médio/ inferior) nasal’’, ‘‘via da drenagem do seio frontal’’,‘‘recessofrontal’’ e ‘‘processo uncinado’’. Conclusão: Consolidamos uma versão adaptada em português da ‘‘European Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses’’ que auxiliará a publicação de comunicados técnicos, publicações científicas e o ensino dos termos anatômicos internos do nariz e dascavidades paranasais no Brasil

The effects of passive tobacco smoking on the microcirculation of the abdominal wall in rats

PURPOSE: To analysis the effects of passive smoking on the microstructure of tissues of the abdominal wall regarding microcirculation, using histopathological study of the tobacco exposed rats. METHODS: Twenty four male Wistar rats were divided in Control Group (CG = 8 animals) and Exposition Groups (EG = 16 animals). EG was exposed to cigarette smoke 4x/day for 120 days, while CG was preserved from exposure. Food, water and housing were similar for both groups. After 120 days, urine samples were collected before necropsy to analyze cotinine levels (ng/mL) in urine and blinded histopathological analysis of the abdominal wall performed to count arteries and veins in dermal and muscular fascia layer. RESULTS: No difference in weight was observed between both groups (P>0.05). Cotinine concentration was significantly higher in EG (P<0.05). In dermal layer, the average of vessels per animal was 8.72 (IC95%: 8.31-9.13) for CG and 11,23 (IC95%: 10.09-12.38) for EG. In muscular fascia layer the average of vessels per animal was 17.97 (IC95%: 15.79-20.15) for CG, whereas the average for EG was of 14,85 (IC95%: 12.71-17.01) (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Exposition to passive smoking may cause increase in the number of vessels in dermal layer, with the opposite effects at the muscular fascia layer

Anatomical terminology of the internal nose and paranasal sinuses: cross-cultural adaptation to Portuguese

Introduction: Functional endonasal endoscopic surgery is a frequent surgical procedure among otorhinolaryngologists. In 2014, the European Society of Rhinology published the “European Position Paper on the Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses”, aiming to unify the terms in the English language. We do not yet have a unified terminology in the Portuguese language. Objective: Transcultural adaptation of the anatomical terms of the nose and paranasal cavities of the “European Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses” to Portuguese. Methods: A group of rhinologists from diverse parts of Brazil, all experienced in endoscopic endonasal surgery, was invited to participate in the creation of this position paper on the anatomical terms of the nose and paranasal sinuses in the Portuguese language according to the methodology adapted from that previously described by Rudmik and Smith. Results: The results of this document were generated based on the agreement of the majority of the participants according to the most popular suggestions among the rhinologists. A cross-cultural adaptation of the sinonasal anatomical terminology was consolidated. We suggest the terms “inferior turbinate”, “nasal septum”, “(bone/cartilaginous) part of the nasal septum”, “(middle/inferior) nasal meatus”, “frontal sinus drainage pathway”, “frontal recess” and “uncinate process” be standardized. Conclusion: We have consolidated a Portuguese version of the European Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses, which will help in the publication of technical announcements, scientific publications and the teaching of the internal anatomical terms of the nose and paranasal sinuses in Brazil. Resumo: Introdução: A cirurgia endoscópica funcional endonasal é um procedimento cirúrgico frequente entre os otorrinolaringologistas. Em 2014, a Sociedade Europeia de Rinologia publicou o “Documento Europeu para Posicionamento sobre a Terminologia Anatômica Interna do Nariz e das Cavidades Paranasais” com o objetivo de unificar os termos na língua inglesa. Ainda não dispomos de uma terminologia unificada na língua portuguesa. Objetivo: Adaptação transcultural dos termos anatômicos do nariz e das cavidades paranasais para o português da “European Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses”. Método: Um grupo de rinologistas de todo o Brasil, com experiência em cirurgia endoscópica endonasal, foi convidado a participar da elaboração desse posicionamento sobre os termos anatômicos do nariz e das cavidades paranasais para o português conforme metodologia adaptada da previamente descrita por Rudmik e Smith. Resultados: Os resultados desse documento foram gerados a partir da concordância da maioria dos participantes conforme as sugestões mais populares entre os rinologistas. Uma adaptação transcultural da terminologia anatômica nasossinusal foi consolidada. Sugerimos que se busque uniformizar termos como “concha inferior”, “septo nasal”, “porção (óssea/cartilagionasa) do septo nasal”, “meato (médio/ inferior) nasal”, “via da drenagem do seio frontal”,“recesso frontal” e “processo uncinado”. Conclusão: Consolidamos uma versão adaptada em português da “European Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses” que auxiliará a publicação de comunicados técnicos, publicações científicas e o ensino dos termos anatômicos internos do nariz e das cavidades paranasais no Brasil. Keywords: Cross-cultural adaptation, Anatomy, Nose, Paranasal sinus, Consensus, Palavras-chave: Adaptação transcultural, Anatomia, Nariz, Cavidades paranasais, Consens