Les logements sociaux du " Nouveau Triomphe " à Shanghai: : facteurs de fragmentation sociale et spatiale

En Chine, depuis la réforme du système d'attribution du logement et la réouverture progressive du marché de l'immobilier, le logement est devenu un bien marchand, objet d'investissement et de spéculation. Face à la hausse des prix de l'immobilier résidentiel, l'accès des ménages chinois au logement est de plus en plus inégal. Pour pallier la précarisation des populations les plus vulnérables et agir face à un mécontentement social croissant, le gouvernement central a lancé en 2011 le programme national de " logements garantis " (baozhang xing zhufang), en périphérie des principales mégapoles chinoises. Cet article se propose d'étudier les politiques publiques du logement social, leurs modalités et leurs effets sur le redéploiement métropolitain et la fragmentation socio-spatiale des nouvelles périphéries urbaines à Shanghai, en prenant pour cas d'étude la grande communauté résidentielle du " nouveau triomphe " (xinkai) à Sijing, dans l'arrondissement de Songjiang

Shanghai and the experience of war: <br />The refugee problem

Shanghai was probably the first large metropolis to experience large-scale modern warfare in its very midst. Bitter and brutal fighting raged for three months in and around the city, with intense bombings from ships and planes. The war threw literally hundred of thousands of people on the streets. As war expanded to the countryside, millions became refugees. This paper is concerned with the massive and sudden transformation of Shanghai residents into refugees and its impact on the city and its resources. In the first part, I address the issue of war in Shanghai and its past experience with refugee issues. I argue that 1937 created an entirely new situation no authority was prepared to meet. The second part is devoted to a study of the refugee population, both in quantitative and qualitative terms. In fact, those who found refuge in camps -- a small part of the refugees – do not reflect the normal structure of the local population. The last part is concerned with the challenges refugee camps had to face to maintain alive a huge destitute population with limited resources in an overcrowded urban space engulfed in war

Productivity and labor management <br />in Shanghai state-owned industrial enterprises

The present paper is based on a large three-year survey we carried out among Shanghai SOEs from 1989 to 1992, with a follow-up to 1995. We tried to assess the extent of the reforms, their impact, and the capacity of Shanghai SOEs to adapt to a more competitive environment. In this paper, I shall focus on one aspect of SOEs' management, namely the issue of productivity. Low and declining productivity has been one of the major features of SOEs in China and in Shanghai. By the time of our survey, Shanghai SOEs had been under reform for 8 years (1984-1992). Reforms in management, labor, marketing should have brought substantial changes. They had a serious impact indeed, but they failed to materialize into a real rejuvenation of SOEs