The Initiating Acts Used by the Host of Talk Indonesia in Political and Cultural Issues

The writers observed the initiating acts used by the host of Talk Indonesia in political issues and cultural issues and the comparison of initiating acts between those two issues. The data was taken from several episodes of the Talk Indonesia that have topics on political and cultural issues. In the findings, the writers found that the highest percentage of initiating acts types in political issues is Inform (37%), and the lowest percentage is Action Request (1%), whereas, the highest percentage of initiating acts types in cultural issues is Inform (39%) and the lowest percentages are Polarity Questions (1%) and Action Requests (1%). The writer also found that in general, the percentage of Statement in the political issues (54%) is lower than those in the cultural issues (73%) while the percentage of Questions in the political issues (41%) is higher than those in the cultural issues (26%). The conclusion drew that different issues trigger different initiating act

Promotional Blogs for [New] Bold Muku Project

Promotional blogs for [NEW] Bold MUKU Project were inspired by the current situation when Indonesian teenagers have no big interest in reading books because of the digital media. In 2011, a book-sharing movement, Bold MUKU Project, tried to track back Indonesian teenagers' reading interest and yet did not work successfully due to the unspecific target market, the lack of planning, sources, and member structuring. Therefore, the promotional blogs must be created based on the interest of the target audience and relevant concepts. The results of the surveys and the concepts of Internet consumer behavior and theory of copywriting by Rob Bowdery are considered to create promotional blogs for [NEW] Bold MUKU Project, that is, the main blog and an Instagram account. The main blog provides information and discussion among the community. The second promotional blog is Instagram as a place to attract viewers to open the main blog. In conclusion, in order to have successful promotional blogs, the contents of the promotional blogs must fit to the target audience's interests and needs

Star Cluster Formation and Disruption Time-Scales - II. Evolution of the Star Cluster System in M82's Fossil Starburst

ABRIDGED: We obtain new age and mass estimates for the star clusters in M82's fossil starburst region B, based on improved fitting methods. Our new age estimates confirm the peak in the age histogram attributed to the last tidal encounter with M81; we find a peak formation epoch at slightly older ages than previously published, log(t_peak / yr) = 9.04, with a Gaussian sigma of Delta log(t_width) = 0.273. Cluster disruption has removed a large fraction of the older clusters. Adopting the expression for the cluster disruption time-scale of t_dis(M)= t_dis^4 (M/10^4 Msun)^gamma with gamma = 0.62 (Paper I), we find that the ratios between the real cluster formation rates in the pre-burst phase (log(t/yr) <= 9.4), the burst-phase (8.4 < log(t/yr) < 9.4) and the post-burst phase (log(t/yr) <= 8.4) are about 1:2:1/40. The mass distribution of the clusters formed during the burst shows a turnover at log(M_cl/Msun) ~ 5.3 which is not caused by selection effects. This distribution can be explained by cluster formation with an initial power-law mass function of slope alpha=2 up to a maximum cluster mass of M_max = 3 x 10^6 Msun, and cluster disruption with a normalisation time-scale t_dis^4 / t_burst = (3.0 +/- 0.3) x 10^{-2}. For a burst age of 1 x 10^9 yr, we find that the disruption time-scale of a cluster of 10^4 Msun is t_dis^4 ~ 3 x 10^7 years, with an uncertainty of approximately a factor of two. This is the shortest disruption time-scale known in any galaxy.Comment: 14 pages including 8 postscript figures; accepted for publication in MNRA

Kondisi Bakteriologik Peralatan Makan Di Rumah Makan Jombang Tikala Manado

Tableware hygiene is poor have an important role in the growth of the spread of germs and poisoning. For that food equipment must be kept clean, in order to avoid contamination of pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli is one of them as well as other contaminants. The purpose of this study was to determine the number of bacteria and Escherichia coli in the tableware used by Jombang Restorant Tikala Manado. The method used in this research is descriptive by laboratory analysis to determine the numbers and Escherichia coli bacteria on utensils used by Jombang Restorant Tikala Manado. The results showed that the results of laboratory examination of samples of tableware used by Jombang Restorant Tikala Manado, do not meet health requirements in accordance with RI Permenkes No.1098/Menkes/SK/VII/2003 on Hygiene Sanitation Requirements Restaurant. Of the 16 samples examined laboratory utensils all Not Eligible. Based on these results in the seller\u27s expected to further improve food hygiene / sanitation, food hygiene, especially in the washing process of tableware and cutlery storage small so the likelihood of contamination in foods

N-body simulations of star clusters

Two aspects of our recent N-body studies of star clusters are presented: (1) What impact does mass segregation and selective mass loss have on integrated photometry? (2) How well compare results from N-body simulations using NBODY4 and STARLAB/KIRA?Comment: 2 pages, 1 figure with 4 panels (in colour, not well visible in black-and-white; figures screwed in PDF version, ok in postscript; to see further details get the paper source). Conference proceedings for IAUS246 'Dynamical Evolution of Dense Stellar Systems', ed. E. Vesperini (Chief Editor), M. Giersz, A. Sills, Capri, Sept. 2007; v2: references correcte

On the nature of the bi-stability jump in the winds of early-type supergiants

We study the origin of the observed bi-stability jump in the terminal velocity of the winds of supergiants near spectral type B1. To this purpose, we have calculated a grid of wind models and mass-loss rates for these stars. The models show that the mass-loss rate 'jumps' by a factor of five around spectral type B1. Up to now, a theoretical explanation of the observed bi-stability jump was not yet provided by radiation driven wind theory. The models demonstrate that the subsonic part of the wind is dominated by the line acceleration due to Fe. The elements C, N and O are important line drivers in the supersonic part of the wind. We demonstrate that the mass-loss rate 'jumps' due to an increase in the line acceleration of Fe III below the sonic point. Finally, we discuss the possible role of the bi-stability jump on the mass loss during typical variations of Luminous Blue Variable stars.Comment: Accepted by A&A, 19 pages Latex, 10 figure

Chemical composition and origin of nebulae around Luminous Blue Variables

We use the analysis of the heavy element abundances (C, N, O, S) in circumstellar nebulae around Luminous Blue Variables to infer the evolutionary phase in which the material has been ejected. (1) We discuss the different effects that may have changed the gas composition of the nebula since it was ejected (2) We calculate the expected abundance changes at the stellar surface due to envelope convection in the red supergiant phase. If the observed LBV nebulae are ejected during the RSG phase, the abundances of the LBV nebulae require a significantly smaller amount of mass to be lost than assumed in evolutionary models. (3) We calculate the changes in the surface composition during the main sequence phase by rotation induced mixing. If the nebulae are ejected at the end of the MS-phase, the abundances in LBV nebulae are compatible with mixing times between 5 x 10^6 and 1 x 10^7 years. The existence of ON stars supports this scenario. (4) The predicted He/H ratio in the nebulae are significantly smaller than the current observed photospheric values of their central stars. Combining various arguments we show that the LBV nebulae are ejected during the blue SG phase and that the stars have not gone through a RSG phase. The chemical enhancements are due to rotation induced mixing, and the ejection is possibly triggered by near-critical rotation. During the ejection, the outflow was optically thick, which resulted in a large effective radius and a low effective temperature. This also explains the observed properties of LBV dust.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures, to be published in The Astrophysical Journal, April 20, 200