6,548 research outputs found
The Effects of Changing Membrane Compositions and Internal Electrolytes on the Respon of Potassium Ion Sensor
A study on the changing of membrane compositions and internal solution towards the response potassium ion sensor was carried out. Potassium ion sensor based on photocured cross linking poly(n-butyl acrylate) membranes with varying composition of valinomycin (val), sodium tetrakis [3.5-bis(trifluoro-methyl) phenyl] borat (NaTFPB), types ion of internal solution were investigated. Effects of varying composition of val, NaTFPB, types and concentration of internal solution were observed on potassium ion sensor. The effect of higher val composition was lower LOD, wider linear range, lower sensitivity but increase selectivity. Higher NaTFPB compositions lead to lower LOD, higher sensitivity and selectivity. The effect of changing internal electrolyte lead to lower LOD, wider linear response range and higher selectivity according to internal electrolyte consisting Na+, Ca2+ and K+, and sensitivity increase following internal electrolyte with Ca2+, K+ and Na+
OPTIMIZATION OF SCREEN PRINTED REFERENCE ELECTRODE BASED ON CHARGE BALANCE AND POLY (BUTYL ACRYLATE) PHOTOCURABLE MEBRANE
This research focus on transforming the traditional design of reference electrode into all-solid-state reference electrode front-end using Ag/AgCl screen- printed electrodes. By replacing the internal reference solution of a traditional reference electrode by a solid photocurable membrane, an all-solid-state reference electrode can be achieved. The solid-state screen-printed reference electrode was designed using a photocurable acrylic film containing immobilized sodium tetrakis [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] borate (NaTFPB) and trimethylocthylammonium chloride (TOMA-Cl). An optimum ratio of NaTFPB:TOMA-Cl = 1:1 produced a stable reference electrode. In the anions interference studies, all anions i.e. NO3-, Cl-, Br- and SO42- does not give effect to the SPRE except perchlorate anions. The all-solid-state reference electrodes was applied to the detection of potassium ions and ammonium ions. Validation of the all-screen-printed reference electrode was performed with reference electrode standard gel type. The validation results showed that all-solid-state screen-printed reference electrode demonstrated performance that was comparable to standard reference electrode
OPTIMIZATION OF SCREEN PRINTED REFERENCE ELECTRODE BASED ON CHARGE BALANCE AND POLY (BUTYL ACRYLATE) PHOTOCURABLE MEBRANE
This research focus on transforming the traditional design of reference electrode into all-solid-state reference electrode front-end using Ag/AgCl screen- printed electrodes. By replacing the internal reference solution of a traditional reference electrode by a solid photocurable membrane, an all-solid-state reference electrode can be achieved. The solid-state screen-printed reference electrode was designed using a photocurable acrylic film containing immobilized sodium tetrakis [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] borate (NaTFPB) and trimethylocthylammonium chloride (TOMA-Cl). An optimum ratio of NaTFPB:TOMA-Cl = 1:1 produced a stable reference electrode. In the anions interference studies, all anions i.e. NO3-, Cl-, Br- and SO42- does not give effect to the SPRE except perchlorate anions. The all-solid-state reference electrodes was applied to the detection of potassium ions and ammonium ions. Validation of the all-screen-printed reference electrode was performed with reference electrode standard gel type. The validation results showed that all-solid-state screen-printed reference electrode demonstrated performance that was comparable to standard reference electrode.
Generalized thermo vacuum state derived by the partial trace method
By virtue of the technique of integration within an ordered product (IWOP) of
operators we present a new approach for deriving generalized thermo vacuum
state which is simpler in form that the result by using the Umezawa-Takahashi
approach, in this way the thermo field dynamics can be developed. Applications
of the new state are discussed.Comment: 5 pages, no figure, revtex
Existence of black holes in Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe dominated by dark energy
We study the existence of black holes in a homogeneous and isotropic
expanding Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe dominated by dark energy.
We show that black holes can exist in such a universe by considering some
specific McVittie solutions. Although these solutions violate all three energy
conditions, the FRW background does satisfy the weak energy condition.Comment: revetex format, 2 figures adde
Coupled KdV equations derived from atmospherical dynamics
Some types of coupled Korteweg de-Vries (KdV) equations are derived from an
atmospheric dynamical system. In the derivation procedure, an unreasonable
-average trick (which is usually adopted in literature) is removed. The
derived models are classified via Painlev\'e test. Three types of
-function solutions and multiple soliton solutions of the models are
explicitly given by means of the exact solutions of the usual KdV equation. It
is also interesting that for a non-Painlev\'e integrable coupled KdV system
there may be multiple soliton solutions.Comment: 19 pages, 2 figure
Detecting extreme mass ratio inspiral events in LISA data using the Hierarchical Algorithm for Clusters and Ridges (HACR)
One of the most exciting prospects for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
(LISA) is the detection of gravitational waves from the inspirals of
stellar-mass compact objects into supermassive black holes. Detection of these
sources is an extremely challenging computational problem due to the large
parameter space and low amplitude of the signals. However, recent work has
suggested that the nearest extreme mass ratio inspiral (EMRI) events will be
sufficiently loud that they might be detected using computationally cheap,
template-free techniques, such as a time-frequency analysis. In this paper, we
examine a particular time-frequency algorithm, the Hierarchical Algorithm for
Clusters and Ridges (HACR). This algorithm searches for clusters in a power map
and uses the properties of those clusters to identify signals in the data. We
find that HACR applied to the raw spectrogram performs poorly, but when the
data is binned during the construction of the spectrogram, the algorithm can
detect typical EMRI events at distances of up to Gpc. This is a little
further than the simple Excess Power method that has been considered
previously. We discuss the HACR algorithm, including tuning for single and
multiple sources, and illustrate its performance for detection of typical EMRI
events, and other likely LISA sources, such as white dwarf binaries and
supermassive black hole mergers. We also discuss how HACR cluster properties
could be used for parameter extraction.Comment: 21 pages, 11 figures, submitted to Class. Quantum Gravity. Modified
and shortened in light of referee's comments. Updated results consider tuning
over all three HACR thresholds, and show 10-15% improvement in detection rat
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