12,178 research outputs found
A Single Source for All Flavor Violation
In a model proposed in 2012, all flavor mixing has a single source and is
governed by a single "master matrix." This model was shown to give several
predictions for quark and lepton masses and mixing angles and for mixing angles
within SU(5) multiplets that are observable in proton decay. Here it is shown
that the same master matrix controls the flavor-changing processes mediated by
a singlet scalar that exists in the model, giving predictions for tau to mu +
gamma, tau to e + gamma, and mu to e + gamma.Comment: 11 pages, no figure
Cogeneration of Dark Matter and Baryons by Non-Standard-Model Sphalerons in Unified Models
Sphalerons of a new gauge interaction can convert a primordial asymmetry in B
or L into a dark matter asymmetry. From the equilibrium conditions for the
sphalerons of both the electroweak and the new interactions, one can compute
the ratios of B, L, and X, where X is the dark matter number, thus determining
the mass of the dark matter particle fairly precisely. Such a scenario can
arise naturally in the context of unification with larger groups. An
illustrative model embeddable in is described
as well as an equally simple model based on SU(7).Comment: 13 pages. Revised introduction and references, changed titl
The Dynamics of the Bounds of Squared Concurrence
We study the dynamics of upper and lower bounds of squared concurrence.Our
results are similar to that of Konard et al. and can help the estimation of
high-dimension bipartite entanglement in experiments.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures accepted by PR
Particle Entanglement in Rotating Gases
In this paper, we investigate the particle entanglement in 2D
weakly-interacting rotating Bose and Fermi gases. We find that both particle
localization and vortex localization can be indicated by particle entanglement.
We also use particle entanglement to show the occurrence of edge reconstruction
of rotating fermions. The different properties of condensate phase and vortex
liquid phase of bosons can be reflected by particle entanglement and in vortex
liquid phase we construct a trial wave function in the viewpoint of
entanglement to relate the ground state with quantum Hall state. Finally, the
relation between particle entanglement and interaction strength is studied.Comment: 7 pages, 9 figure
The Decay of Multiqudit Entanglement
We investigate the decay of entanglement of a generalized N-qudit GHZ state,
with each qudit passing through independently in a quantum noisy channel. By
studying the time at which the entanglement completely vanishes and the time at
which the entanglement becomes arbitrarily small, we try to find how the
robustness of entanglement is influenced by dimension d and the number of
particles N.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
MObile Technology for Improved Family Planning: update to randomised controlled trial protocol.
BACKGROUND: This update outlines changes to the MObile Technology for Improved Family Planning study statistical analysis plan and plans for long-term follow-up. These changes result from obtaining additional funding and the decision to restrict the primary analysis to participants with available follow-up data. The changes were agreed prior to finalising the statistical analysis plan and sealing the dataset. METHODS/DESIGN: The primary analysis will now be restricted to subjects with data on the primary outcome at 4-month follow-up. The extreme-case scenario, where all those lost to follow-up are counted as non-adherent, will be used in a sensitivity analysis. In addition to the secondary outcomes outlined in the protocol, we will assess the effect of the intervention on long-acting contraception (implant, intra-uterine device and permanent methods).To assess the long-term effect of the intervention, we plan to conduct additional 12-month follow-up by telephone self-report for all the primary and secondary outcomes used at 4 months. All participants provided informed consent for this additional follow-up when recruited to the trial. Outcome measures and analysis at 12 months will be similar to those at the 4-month follow-up. The primary outcomes of the trial will be the use of an effective modern contraceptive method at 4 months and at 12 months post-abortion. Secondary outcomes will include long-acting contraception use, self-reported pregnancy, repeat abortion and contraception use over the 12-month post-abortion period. DISCUSSION: Restricting the primary analysis to those with follow-up data is the standard approach for trial analysis and will facilitate comparison with other trials of interventions designed to increase contraception uptake or use. Undertaking 12-month trial follow-up will allow us to evaluate the long-term effect of the intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01823861
Analytical Models of Exoplanetary Atmospheres. II. Radiative Transfer via the Two-stream Approximation
We present a comprehensive analytical study of radiative transfer using the
method of moments and include the effects of non-isotropic scattering in the
coherent limit. Within this unified formalism, we derive the governing
equations and solutions describing two-stream radiative transfer (which
approximates the passage of radiation as a pair of outgoing and incoming
fluxes), flux-limited diffusion (which describes radiative transfer in the deep
interior) and solutions for the temperature-pressure profiles. Generally, the
problem is mathematically under-determined unless a set of closures (Eddington
coefficients) is specified. We demonstrate that the hemispheric (or
hemi-isotropic) closure naturally derives from the radiative transfer equation
if energy conservation is obeyed, while the Eddington closure produces spurious
enhancements of both reflected light and thermal emission. We concoct recipes
for implementing two-stream radiative transfer in stand-alone numerical
calculations and general circulation models. We use our two-stream solutions to
construct toy models of the runaway greenhouse effect. We present a new
solution for temperature-pressure profiles with a non-constant optical opacity
and elucidate the effects of non-isotropic scattering in the optical and
infrared. We derive generalized expressions for the spherical and Bond albedos
and the photon deposition depth. We demonstrate that the value of the optical
depth corresponding to the photosphere is not always 2/3 (Milne's solution) and
depends on a combination of stellar irradiation, internal heat and the
properties of scattering both in optical and infrared. Finally, we derive
generalized expressions for the total, net, outgoing and incoming fluxes in the
convective regime.Comment: Accepted by ApJS. 23 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables, 158 equations. No
change from previous version except for title (to match ApJS convention
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