Marital Exits and Marital Expectations in Nineteenth Century America

On April 10, 1991, Professor of Law, Hendrik A. Hartog of the University of Wisconsin Law School, delivered the Georgetown Law Center’s eleventh Annual Philip A. Hart Memorial Lecture: Meanings of Marriage: The Structure of Marital Expectations in Nineteenth Century America. Hendrik Hartog is the Class of 1921 Bicentennial Professor of the History of American Law and Liberty at Princeton University. He holds a PhD. in the History of American Civilization from Brandeis University (1982), a J.D. from the New York University School of Law (1973), and an A.B. from Carleton College (1970). Before coming to Princeton, he taught at the University of Wisconsin Law School (1982-92) and at the Indiana University (Bloomington) School of Law (1977-82). Hartog has spent his scholarly life working in the social history of American law, obsessed with the difficulties and opportunities that come with studying how broad political and cultural themes have been expressed in ordinary legal conflicts. He has worked in a variety of areas of American legal history: on the history of city life, on the history of constitutional rights claims, on the history of marriage, and on the historiography of legal change. He is the author of Public Property and Private Power: the Corporation of the City of New York in American Law, 1730-1870 (1983) and Man and Wife in America: a History (2000). He is the editor of Law in the American Revolution and the Revolution in the Law (1981) and the co-editor of Law in Culture and Culture in Law (2000) and American Public Life and the Historical Imagination (2003). Representative articles include “Pigs and Positivism” (Wisconsin Law Review, 1985); “The Constitution of Aspiration and ‘The Rights that Belong to us All’” (Journal of American History, 1987); “Mrs. Packard on Dependency” (Yale Journal of Law and the Humanities, 1988); “Abigail Bailey’s Coverture: Law in a Married Woman’s Consciousness” (in Law in Everyday Life, 1993); “Lawyering, Husbands’ Rights, and ‘The Unwritten Law,’ in Nineteenth-Century America” (Journal of American History, 1997); and “Llewellyn, Divorce, and Description” (in American Public Life and the Historical Imagination, 2003). He has been awarded a variety of national fellowships and lectureships, and for a decade he co-edited Studies in Legal History, the book series of the American Society for Legal History

Mrs. Packard on Dependency

Elizabeth Ware Packard was born in western Massachusetts in 1816, the child of a Calvinist minister. At the age of nineteen she spent a few weeks in the Worcester State Asylum. In 1839, she married Theophilus Packard, thirteen years her senior, like her father a Presbyterian minister, and her father\u27s close friend. For the better part of two decades Theophilus and Elizabeth lived together in apparent harmony in western Massachusetts. In the mid 1850s, they moved with their children first to Ohio, then to Iowa, before settling in 1858 in the town of Manteno in Kankakee County, Illinois. Meanwhile, Mrs. Packard found herself more and more attracted to enlightened and modern religious movements, including perfectionism and spiritualism. These enthusiasms in no way distinguished her from many of her contemporaries, who regarded these optimistic and empirical religious faiths as emblematic of the discovery of modern religious truth. But to the more conservative members of Reverend Packard\u27s church, who held firm to the Calvinist bedrock of human depravity and ignorance, her beliefs were literal evidence of insanity. When, in the fall of 1859, Mrs. Packard began to explain those beliefs in presentations before an adult Sunday School class in the church, parishioners began to pressure her husband to have her committed into the state insane asylum

Book Preface

At her death in December 1997, Betsy Clark had been working for more than a dozen years on a study tentatively entitled Women, Church and State: Religion and the Culture of Individual Rights in Nineteenth-Century America. Between 1987 and 1995, several of the planned chapters had appeared in law reviews and in history journals. Another chapter had been written and revised before and during the first stages of her illness. Two chapters can be found in preliminary form in her 1989 Princeton dissertation and had been presented to a colloquium at Harvard Law School. But other chapters planned for the work were never committed to paper, in particular a chapter on notions of privacy (a pervasive feature of several of the competed [sic] chapters) and a concluding essay intended to examine both the shift from negative and political rights claims to remedies requiring intervention or redistribution between groups of citizens . . . and . . . the relationship between the assertion of new \u27rights\u27 and remedies and the growth of state power

Performance of the Straumann Bone Level Implant system for anterior single-tooth replacements in augmented and nonaugmented sites:A prospective cohort study with 60 consecutive patients

<p>Aim The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate radiographic, clinical and aesthetic outcomes and patient satisfaction of cases treated with platform-switched single implant restorations in the aesthetic region of the maxilla. Furthermore, the influence of an augmentation procedure 3months before implant placement and the type of restoration (screw-retained vs. cement-retained) was evaluated.</p><p>Material and methods Sixty patients with a missing anterior tooth in the maxilla were treated with a Straumann Bone Level Implant. Bone augmentation was performed in 29 patients at 3months before implant placement. Implants were loaded after 3months of submerged healing. Follow-up was conducted at 7 and 18months after implant placement. Peri-implant mucosa and implant crown aesthetic outcomes were determined using the Implant Crown Aesthetic Index (ICAI) and the Pink Esthetic Score-White Esthetic Score (PES-WES).</p><p>Results No implants were lost. At 18months after implant placement, mean bone level change was -0.10 +/- 0.27mm and mean probing pocket depth was 2.57mm. No differences were found between augmented and nonaugmented sites (P=0.28). The ICAI indicated satisfactory mucosa and crown aesthetics in 67% and 75% of the cases, respectively, while the PES score was 14.4. ICAI mucosa (P=0.004) and PES (P=0.02) scores were significantly less favourable for augmented sites compared with nonaugmented sites. Patient satisfaction was high (8.9 +/- 1.1 on VAS-score).</p><p>Conclusions From the present prospective, clinical study, it can be concluded that the Straumann Bone Level Implant shows an excellent survival rate, marginal bone stability and good clinical and aesthetic results. Bone augmentation before implant placement does not lead to more marginal bone loss. However, less favourable pink aesthetic outcomes were found in augmented sites compared with nonaugmented sites, while no differences were found between cement-retained and screw-retained restorations.</p>