The Production of Ring-necked Pheasants in Winnebago County, lowa

In the fall of 1935, the Iowa Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit inaugurated field investigations on the ring-necked pheasant, Phasianus colchicus, on the Winnebago Research Area, sections 9-12, 13-16, and 21-24, Eden Township, Winnebago County. Early investigations (Green, 1938) were centered around winter mortality of pheasants and the improvement of habitat to alleviate winter losses. In 1939-41 intensive investigations were shifted to the nesting and production of the ring-necked pheasant on a 1520-acre plot lying within sections 13, 14, 15, 23 and 24 (Baskett, 1947). Although the pheasants were increasing in numbers during 1939 and 1940, in 1941 and accelerated rate of summer production was noted. Instead of the usual 150-175 percent rate of summer increase over the spring population, production jumped to 220 percent in spite of the largest observed spring density - 125 birds per section. A parallel rise in the 1941 rate of production was also recorded in North Dakota (Bach, 1944)

Dip coating process: Silicon sheet growth development for the large-area silicon sheet task of the low-cost silicon solar array project

To date, an experimental dip-coating facility was constructed. Using this facility, relatively thin (1 mm) mullite and alumina substrates were successfully dip-coated with 2.5 - 3.0 ohm-cm, p-type silicon with areas of approximately 20 sq cm. The thickness and grain size of these coatings are influenced by the temperature of the melt and the rate at which the substrate is pulled from the melt. One mullite substrate had dendrite-like crystallites of the order of 1 mm wide and 1 to 2 cm long. Their axes were aligned along the direction of pulling. A large variety of substrate materials were purchased or developed enabling the program to commence a substrate definition evaluation. Due to the insulating nature of the substrate, the bottom layer of the p-n junction may have to be made via the top surface. The feasibility of accomplishing this was demonstrated using single crystal wafers

Transposable elements modulate human RNA abundance and splicing via specific RNA-protein interactions

Background: Transposable elements (TEs) have significantly influenced the evolution of transcriptional regulatory networks in the human genome. Post-transcriptional regulation of human genes by TE-derived sequences has been observed in specific contexts, but has yet to be systematically and comprehensively investigated. Here, we study a collection of 75 CLIP-Seq experiments mapping the RNA binding sites for a diverse set of 51 human proteins to explore the role of TEs in post-transcriptional regulation of human mRNAs and lncRNAs via RNA-protein interactions. Results: We detect widespread interactions between RNA binding proteins (RBPs) and many families of TE-derived sequence in the CLIP-Seq data. Further, alignment coverage peaks on specific positions of the TE consensus sequences, illuminating a diversity of TE-specific RBP binding motifs. Evidence of binding and conservation of these motifs in the nonrepetitive transcriptome suggests that TEs have generally appropriated existing sequence preferences of the RBPs. Depletion assays for numerous RBPs show that TE-derived binding sites affect transcript abundance and splicing similarly to nonrepetitive sites. However, in a few cases the effect of RBP binding depends on the specific TE family bound; for example, the ubiquitously expressed RBP HuR confers transcript stability unless bound to an Alu element. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis suggests a widespread role for TEs in shaping RNA-protein regulatory networks in the human genome. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-014-0537-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Resurfacing Historical Scientific Data: A Case Study Involving Fruit Breeding Data

Objective: The objective of this paper is to illustrate the importance and complexities of working with historical analog data that exists on university campuses. Using a case study of fruit breeding data, we highlight issues and opportunities for librarians to help preserve and increase access to potentially valuable data sets. Methods: We worked in conjunction with researchers to inventory, describe, and increase access to a large, 100-year-old data set of analog fruit breeding data. This involved creating a spreadsheet to capture metadata about each data set, identifying data sets at risk for loss, and digitizing select items for deposit in our institutional repository. Results/Discussion: We illustrate that large amounts of data exist within biological and agricultural sciences departments and labs, and how past practices of data collection, record keeping, storage, and management have hindered data reuse. We demonstrate that librarians have a role in collaborating with researchers and providing direction in how to preserve analog data and make it available for reuse. This work may provide guidance for other science librarians pursing similar projects. Conclusions: This case study demonstrates how science librarians can build or strengthen their role in managing and providing access to analog data by combining their data management skills with researchers’ needs to recover and reuse data. The substance of this article is based upon a panel presentation at RDAP Summit 2019

Dip coating process: Silicon sheet growth development for the large-area silicon sheet task of the low-cost silicon solar array project

The technical and economic feasibility of producing solar cell quality sheet silicon by dip-coating one surface of carbonized ceramic substrates with a thin layer of large grain polycrystalline silicon was investigated. The dip-coating methods studied were directed toward a minimum cost process with the ultimate objective of producing solar cells with a conversion efficiency of 10% or greater. The technique shows excellent promise for low cost, labor-saving, scale-up potentialities and would provide an end product of sheet silicon with a rigid and strong supportive backing. An experimental dip-coating facility was designed and constructed, several substrates were successfully dip-coated with areas as large as 25 sq cm and thicknesses of 12 micron to 250 micron. There appears to be no serious limitation on the area of a substrate that could be coated. Of the various substrate materials dip-coated, mullite appears to best satisfy the requirement of the program. An inexpensive process was developed for producing mullite in the desired geometry

Tree-based Coarsening and Partitioning of Complex Networks

Many applications produce massive complex networks whose analysis would benefit from parallel processing. Parallel algorithms, in turn, often require a suitable network partition. For solving optimization tasks such as graph partitioning on large networks, multilevel methods are preferred in practice. Yet, complex networks pose challenges to established multilevel algorithms, in particular to their coarsening phase. One way to specify a (recursive) coarsening of a graph is to rate its edges and then contract the edges as prioritized by the rating. In this paper we (i) define weights for the edges of a network that express the edges' importance for connectivity, (ii) compute a minimum weight spanning tree $T^m$ with respect to these weights, and (iii) rate the network edges based on the conductance values of $T^m$'s fundamental cuts. To this end, we also (iv) develop the first optimal linear-time algorithm to compute the conductance values of \emph{all} fundamental cuts of a given spanning tree. We integrate the new edge rating into a leading multilevel graph partitioner and equip the latter with a new greedy postprocessing for optimizing the maximum communication volume (MCV). Experiments on bipartitioning frequently used benchmark networks show that the postprocessing already reduces MCV by 11.3%. Our new edge rating further reduces MCV by 10.3% compared to the previously best rating with the postprocessing in place for both ratings. In total, with a modest increase in running time, our new approach reduces the MCV of complex network partitions by 20.4%

Poisonings Associated with Intubation: US National Poison Data System Exposures 2000-2013.

Patients may be intubated after exposure to a variety of substances because of respiratory failure, CNS sedation, pulmonary pathology, or cardiovascular instability. However, there is little data describing the types of substances that are associated with endotracheal intubation or the rates of intubation after these exposures. Evaluation of this association may inform future research on intubation after exposures to specific substances and guide poison prevention education. Our objective was to determine which exposures were commonly associated with intubation using the data from National Poison Data System (NPDS). The NPDS tracks data from potential exposures to substances reported to all American Association of Poison Control Centers. We performed a retrospective analysis of NPDS data from January 1st, 2000 to December 31st, 2013 to identify human exposures to substances that were associated with endotracheal intubation. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. There were 93,474 single substance exposures and 228,507 multiple substance exposures that were associated with intubation. The most common exposures to substances that were associated with intubation were atypical antipsychotics (7.4 %) for single exposures and benzodiazepines (27.4 %) for multiple exposures. Within each age group, the most common known exposures to substances were for patients under 6 years, clonidine for single and multiple exposures; for patients aged 6-12 years, clonidine for single exposures and atypical antipsychotics for multiple exposures; for patients aged 13-19 years, atypical antipsychotics for single and multiple exposures; and for patients over 19 years, atypical antipsychotics for single exposures and benzodiazepines for multiple exposures. From 2000-2013, the exposures to substances most commonly associated with intubation varied by single versus multiple exposures and by age. This study helps clarify the exposures to substances that are associated with intubation reported to poison centers in the USA

Quantum tunneling in a three dimensional network of exchange coupled single-molecule magnets

A Mn4 single-molecule magnet (SMM) is used to show that quantum tunneling of magnetization (QTM) is not suppressed by moderate three dimensional exchange coupling between molecules. Instead, it leads to an exchange bias of the quantum resonances which allows precise measurements of the effective exchange coupling that is mainly due to weak intermolecular hydrogen bounds. The magnetization versus applied field was recorded on single crystals of [Mn4]2 using an array of micro-SQUIDs. The step fine structure was studied via minor hysteresis loops.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Ecology of the Raccoon in Central Iowa

The marked increase of the Upper Mississippi Valley raccoon (Procyon lotor hirtus N. and G.) in Iowa during recent years 1s well-known. Sanderson (1951) and recent releases by the Iowa State Conservation Commission suggest a yearly average of about three or four times as many raccoons during the decade 1943-\u2752 as in the period 1933-\u2742. The general opinion of hunters and trappers was that such increases were apparent also in Story County, of central Iowa. From raccoon family track and other signs along streams Costa and Hendrickson estimated roughly two family groups of raccoons to the mile, or approximately 10 raccoons to the square mile traversed by the larger wooded streams in late summer, 1950. Cabalka through participation with three groups of hunters learned that in the autumn, 1951, on 30 square miles coursed by larger streams they took 79 raccoons averaging 17 pounds in weight, of which 41 were males and 38 females. The raccoons were taken at the rate of two an hour of group night hunting

A Proposed Comparison of Fall Roadside Pheasant Counts and Flushing Rates

Although the fall roadside pheasant census (Bennett and Hendrickson, 1938) has reflected the fall pheasant population from an administrative standpoint for the past 17 years within the primary range in Iowa (Kozicky, et al., 1952), there still exist the problems of correlating these roadside counts to actual populations or flushing rates. Inasmuch as we do not have any known method of obtaining exact numbers of birds for a given ·section of land at the present time, we cannot develop a method of interpreting the roadside count as reflecting a mean number of birds per acre in the primary pheasant range within a, specified confidence limits. However, it may be possible to relate the index obtained from the roadside count to birds flushed per hour on a section of land. The evaluation would be of assistance to administrators and sportsmen alike. The sportsmen are interested in knowing just how many birds they can expect to flush in an hour of hunting, based on roadside counts, and the administrator would like confirmation on the correlation, if any, between the roadside count and flushing rates