Magnetic Resonance Lithography with Nanometer Resolution

We propose an approach for super-resolution optical lithography which is based on the inverse of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The technique uses atomic coherence in an ensemble of spin systems whose final state population can be optically detected. In principle, our method is capable of producing arbitrary one and two dimensional high-resolution patterns with high contrast

Is Kinetic Growth Walk equivalent to canonical Self Avoiding Walk?

We present a Monte Carlo study of Kinetic Growth Walk on square as well as triangular lattice to show that it is not equivalent to canonical Self Avoiding Walk.Comment: Eight pages LaTex file, three eps figures; Eq.(3) is corrected now. Physica A (accepted

Child labour and international trade: An economic perspective

Child labour is a widespread phenomenon. Although economic activities of children have been commonplace even before the industrialisation, it has in the meanwhile become a lasting symbol of the industrial revolution and of industrialisation in general. In most countries the inclusion of children in the labour force is legally restricted. Nevertheless, economic activities of children, most of these within their families, continue to be an everyday feature of economic development, especially in the poorer countries. Beside cultural or social factors, these economic activities are mainly determined by economic forces. Hence, economic conditions most likely play a fundamental role in explaining child labour. Economic development trends which change the economic conditions therefore influence the extent of child labour. --

Response to Accountability Policies by Principals and Teachers of Alternative Education: A Cross Case Analysis

National and state education policies continue to reflect a growing concern for educating the student at risk of dropping out of school. With the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act of 200I, it was expected that all ·public schools be held accountable in addressing remedies and preventative measures for dropouts. Since, 2001, backed by policy in thirty-three states, local education agencies have turned to alternative educational programs to decrease dropout and increase graduation rates (Jobs for the Future (JFF), 2009). While state policy, in general, gives districts latitude to develop these programs, it is often left to alternative school educators to provide meaningful learning experiences to at-risk students (Ruiz de Velasco et al., 2008). On one hand, NCLB\u27s challenge for educators to develop and execute plans of action they believe will effectively address achievement gaps,t (Evans, 2009; pg. 64), resonates with the flexibility and concentrated best practices found in alternative education. However, questions arise when alternative school teachers and principals are expected to follow increasingly stringent accountability policies

Molecular Fine Structure from Water Window X-rays

Postprint (published version

Energy bursts in fiber bundle models of composite materials

As a model of composite materials, a bundle of many fibers with stochastically distributed breaking thresholds for the individual fibers is considered. The bundle is loaded until complete failure to capture the failure scenario of composite materials under external load. The fibers are assumed to share the load equally, and to obey Hookean elasticity right up to the breaking point. We determine the distribution of bursts in which an amount of energy $E$ is released. The energy distribution follows asymptotically a universal power law $E^{-5/2}$, for any statistical distribution of fiber strengths. A similar power law dependence is found in some experimental acoustic emission studies of loaded composite materials.Comment: 5 pages, 4 fig