Analgesic activity of aqueous extract of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius in Swiss albino mice

Background: Pain is defined as an unpleasant feeling caused by intense or damaging stimuli. Amorphophallus paeoniifolius known as “Elephant foot yam” is a highly potential tropical tuber crop of Araceae family. The tubers are used as antihaemorrhoidal, haemostatic, expectorant, appetizer, anthelmintic, aphrodisiac and rejuvenating agent. Diclofenac, a COX inhibitor is used as analgesic widely. Analgesic activity of alcoholic extract of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius has been proved in previous animal studies.Methods: Swiss Albino mice of either sex (20-30g) were procured from the central animal house of KFMS&R, Coimbatore. Animals were maintained under controlled temperature and light conditions with food and water ad libitum. Mice were kept in the department to get acclimatized. 24 mice were divided into 4 groups (n=6). Drugs were given orally after 12 hours of fasting. Group I was the control received normal saline, Group II received standard-diclofenac (25mg/kg). Group III and Group IV received aqueous extract of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg respectively.Results: The latency period of Group IV (aqueous extract of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius 400mg/kg) was significant (p<0.01) compared to Group I (controls) and Group II (standard) was significant (p<0.001) when compared to Group IV (aqueous extract of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius 400mg/kg) by hot plate method. In acetic acid induced writhing when compared to control, the percentage inhibition of aqueous extract of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius was 43.65% at 200mg/kg, 46.09% at 400mg/kg and that of the standard was 54.39%.Conclusions: It was concluded that aqueous extract of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius has analgesic activity due to peripheral and central inhibition of prostaglandins synthesis. The extract may have phytoconstituents which inhibit COX enzyme peripherally or act on central opioid receptors(µreceptors) for producing analgesia. It can be used as an add-on drug there by reducing side effects by conventional analgesics

A Systematic Algorithm for Denoising Audio Signal Using Savitzky - Golay Method

Audio signal noise reduction is a great task to acquiring noiseless sounds in the noisy environment. But, naturally the audio signals are naturally very noise, which is produced from analog or digital recorders. In this research paper, an efficient noiseless audio reduction system using Savitzky-Golay method is proposed for eliminating unwanted echoes, ripples, etc. Three different audio signals are taken for this work. First one is a human voice in the mobile conversation, which is used for telecommunication purpose. Second is one vehicle sound for usages in security applications. The last one is a music instrumental sound, which used in recording lab. Finally, the proposed system will be compared with the existing noise filters and proved their efficiency with high accuracy, high signal to noise ratio and low elapsed time

What motivates and deters the ‘crowd’ in crowdfunding in Malaysia?

Objective: This study intends to theorize about how values and the perception of risk of the supporters of a crowdfunding project affect the success of the project. Methodology: A review of prior literature is carried out to identify the different dimensions of the decision making process. Implication: This research presents a conceptual framework to describe the influence of perceived values and risk on the success of crowdfunding in Malaysia. The crowdfunding phenomenon is relatively new in Malaysia and there is a lack of knowledge about the decision making of the ‘crowd’.&nbsp; The success and sustainability of the crowdfunding phenomenon depends on the supporters of the funds

COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES OF PURINE DERIVATIVE USING MULTIFORMS OF HUMAN POLYPEPTIDES 1 AS TARGET ENZYME FOR ANTICANCER AGENTS

  Objective: This research was conducted to prove and estimate the activity of the newly designed compound by applying quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) study using Vlife molecular design suite (MDS) 2 software on various purine derivatives. These novels scaffolds/candidates, which could have the potential to inhibit 5FSO would represent promising starting points as lead compounds and certainly aid the experimental designing of anticancer drugs.Materials and Methods: Purine derivatives are studied and based on the QSAR study new structures are drawn and predicted the biological activity using the Vlife MDS Software-Module Name: QSAR Plus. Auto dock 1.2.6 software is a suite of automated docking tools. It is designed to predict how small molecules, such a substrate or drug candidates, bind to receptors of the known 3D structure. 5FSO protein preparation and optimization, ligand preparation and optimization, and docking simulations were carried out by using biological databases such as PubChem, Drug Bank, Protein Data Bank.Results: To estimate the activity, computational studies had been applied. In addition, the newly designed compound can be used as a scaffold to design more purine compounds which may be a potent inhibitor of 5FSO protein.Conclusion: The results depict as the newly designed molecules has better binding energy than standard drug and these compounds may possess better anticancer activity

Comparative study between ultrasound guided modified pectoral nerve block versus erector spinae block in breast surgeries-prospective randomised comparative study

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, comprising approximately 25% of all cases. Failure to provide effective pain control is associated with poor quality of recovery &amp; chronic postsurgical pain after breast surgery. According to a recently published PROSPECT guideline, pectoral nerve (PECS) blocks seem to be an effective alternative to PVB for postsurgical pain management in breast surgery. In order to relieve post-operative pain in patients undergoing MRM, in this study we compared the efficacy of modified pectoral nerve block versus erector spinae plane block for breast cancer surgeries. Methods: A comparative study was conducted among 80 female patients of age 25-65 years scheduled for modified radical mastectomy surgery with ASA class I and II after obtaining approval from ethical committee. Written informed consent was obtained and research process were explained to the patients. They were randomly allocated into two groups of 40 each. Group 1: was assigned to receive 0.2% Ropivacaine 25ml for Erector spinae block and Group 2: Was assigned to receive 0.2% ropivacaine 25 ml for modified pectoral nerve block, p value &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In patients receiving modified pectoral nerve block (PEC 2) there was considerably lesser opioid consumption, Ionger duration of analgesia and lesser postoperative pain score as compared to patients receiving erector spinae block (ESP) for modified radical mastectomy surgeries. Conclusions: Modified Pectoral nerve block is a potential analgesic technique in breast surgeries since it has less perioperative opioid consumption, proIonged duration of anaIgesia, Iesser postoperative pain score when compared to Erector Spinae block

Generation of Groundwater Quality Index Map: A Case Study

Reliance on groundwater has been rapidly increasing, especially in the arid and semiarid regions, resulting in its overexploitation leading to deterioration of quality. Kurmapalli Vagu basin of Andhra Pradesh, a semi-critical region with respect to the stage of groundwater development is a good example. Its monitoring and assessment is imperative for devising preventive measures against health hazards. Groundwater samples from twenty five locations were collected and analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters in terms of Water Quality Index (WQI) to determine its suitability for drinking purposes. Seven locations were found to have WQI value within the limits. High values of WQI were mostly due to high content of Fluorides. WQI Contour map was generated to study spatial distribution of quality of groundwater. Suitable remedial measures and groundwater augmenting structures are proposed in the study area to improve the quality of groundwater. Keywords: Groundwater, WQI, Fluorosis, Groundwater augmenting structures