Dispersion Tailoring of the Quarter-Wave Bragg Reflection Waveguide

We present analytical formulae for the polarization dependent first- and second-order dispersion of a quarter-wave Bragg reflection waveguide (QtW-BRW). Using these formulae, we develop several qualitative properties of the QtW-BRW. In particular, we show that the birefringence of these waveguides changes sign at the QtW wavelength. Regimes of total dispersion corresponding to predominantly materialdominated and waveguide-dominated dispersion are identified. Using this concept, it is shown that the QtW-BRW can be designed so as to provide anomalous group velocity dispersion of large magnitude, or very small GVD of either sign, simply by an appropriate chose of layer thicknesses. Implications on nonlinear optical devices in compound semiconductors are discussed

Properties of the Quarter-Wave Bragg Reflection Waveguide: Theory

The Bragg reflection waveguide (BRW), or one-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide, has recently been proposed for a wide spectrum of applications ranging from particle acceleration to nonlinear frequency conversion. Here, we conduct a thorough analytical investigation of the quarter-wave BRW, in which the layers of the resonant cladding have a thickness corresponding to one quarter of the transverse wavelength of a desired guided mode. An analytical solution to the mode dispersion equation is derived, and it is shown that the quarter-wave BRW is polarization degenerate, although the TE and TM mode profiles differ significantly as the external Brewster’s angle condition in the cladding is approached. Analytical expressions for waveguide properties such as the modal normalization constants, propagation loss, and overlap factors between the mode and each waveguide layer are derived, as are dispersion and tuning curves

Surfactant-induced migration of a spherical drop in Stokes flow

In Stokes flows, symmetry considerations dictate that a neutrally-buoyant spherical particle will not migrate laterally with respect to the local flow direction. We show that a loss of symmetry due to flow-induced surfactant redistribution leads to cross-stream drift of a spherical drop in Poiseuille flow. We derive analytical expressions for the migration velocity in the limit of small non-uniformities in the surfactant distribution, corresponding to weak-flow conditions or a high-viscosity drop. The analysis predicts that the direction of migration is always towards the flow centerline.Comment: Significant extension with additional text, figures, equations, et

Pengaruh Kualitas Dipa dan Akurasi Perencanaan Kas terhadap Kualitas Penyerapan Anggaran pada Satker Wilayah Kppn Malang

This research is purposed to analyze the influence of quality of DIPA (Budget Implementation Document) and the accuracy of cash forecasting to budget absorption quality of working unit in the KPPN Malang's working area. This research is a survey research which was conducted by distributing questionnairies and collecting secondary data. The questionnaire was distributed to every financial functionary and staf at working unit in the KPPN Malang's working area. While, secondary data was obtained from the acts and reports of KPPN Malang. Working unit in the KPPN Malang's working area was sampled by simple random sampling method to get high level of generalizability of all the population. Hypotheses testing used multiple regression analysis. The result of research shows that quality of DIPA positively affects to the budget absorption quality either from the level of budget absorption or proporsionality of budget absorption inter period. While, accuracy of cash forecasting does not affect budget absorption quality either from the level of budget absorption or proporsionality of budget absorption inter period

Pengaruh Customer Service, Merchandise Assortments, Perceived Price, Dan Store Atmosphere Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Di Matahari Departement Store Semarang

In the global era, development of the retail industry in Indonesia is so fast, the development of the retail industry in Indonesia has increased over the last 10 years, both retail supermarkets and retail non-self-service, with the rapid development of the retail business, then competition in the field of retail marketing or retail are increasingly increased. This study aimed to analyze the effect of customer service, merchandise assortments, perceived price, and store atmosphere on purchasing decisions in Matahari Department Store Semarang. The population is all consumers who ever bought at Matahari Department Store Semarang. Samples in this study were 100 respondents to the sampling technique used was purposive sampling technique. Analysis tool used to test the hypothesis in this study is t-test and f-test. In this study using a test instrument to test the validity by factor analysis (KMO) and reliable test. The results showed that customer service, merchandise assortments, perceived price, and store atmosphere had positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. Keywords: Customer service, merchandising assortments, Perceived price, store atmosphere, and the purchase decisio

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Pelatihan Produksi Kerupuk Sebagai Diversifikasi Produk Olahan Rumput Laut Di Desa Randusanga Kulon Kabupaten Brebes

Brebes merupakan kabupaten yang cukup luas di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Sebagian besar wilayahnya adalah dataran rendah. Kabupaten Brebes telah mampu memproduksi rumput laut jenis Gracillaria sp. tambak dengan sentra budidaya di Desa Randusanga Wetan dan Randusanga Kulon Kecamatan Brebes dengan jumlah produksi 150 ton kering per bulan dari luas lahan tambak ± 200 Ha dari ± 2.000 Ha lahan yang berpotensi ditanami rumput laut. Masyarakat membutuhkan suatu diversifikasi produk olahan rumput laut yang mempunyai daya tahan lama tanpa bahan pengawet tambahan serta mudah diproduksi pada skala rumah tangga. Produk tersebut diantaranya adalah kerupuk rumput laut. Target luaran yang nantinya dapat memberikan manfaat bagi mitra merupakan suatu metode untuk memproduksi kerupuk rumput laut sebagai salah satu bentuk diversifikasi produk. Disamping itu dari desain proses akan diperoleh alat perajang kerupuk. Kegiatan program dibagi menjadi beberapa tahap. Tahap pertama adalah melakukan percobaan tentang teknologi yang akan diterapkan, tahap kedua mendesain peralatan produksi, tahap ketiga memberikan pelatihan dan pendampingan produksi serta pengemasan dan tahap keempat memberikan pelatihan cara mendaftarkan produk ke dinas kesehatan

Differentiating the impact of anatomic and non-anatomic liver resection on early recurrence in patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>For Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) treated with hepatectomy, the extent of the resection margin remains controversial and data available on its effect on early tumor recurrence are very few and contradictory. The purpose of this study was to compare the impact of the type of resection (anatomic versus non-anatomic) on early intra-hepatic HCC recurrence in patients with solitary HCC and preserved liver function.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Among 53 patients with similar clinico-pathologic data who underwent curative liver resection for HCC between 2000 and 2006, 28 patients underwent anatomic resection of at least one liver segment and 25 patients underwent limited resection with a margin of at least 1 cm.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>After a close follow-up period of 24 months, no difference was detected in recurrence rates between the anatomic (35.7%) and the non-anatomic (40%) groups in either univariate (<it>p = 0.74</it>) and multivariate (<it>p = 0.65</it>) analysis. Factors contributing to early recurrence were tumor size (<it>p = 0.012</it>) and tumor stage including vascular invasion (<it>p = 0.009</it>).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The choice of the type of resection for HCC should be based on the maintenance of adequate hepatic reserve. The type of resection (anatomic vs non-anatomic) was found not to be a risk factor for early tumor recurrence.</p

Cerebral microdialysis in clinical studies of drugs: pharmacokinetic applications.

The ability to deliver drug molecules effectively across the blood-brain barrier into the brain is important in the development of central nervous system (CNS) therapies. Cerebral microdialysis is the only existing technique for sampling molecules from the brain extracellular fluid (ECF; also termed interstitial fluid), the compartment to which the astrocytes and neurones are directly exposed. Plasma levels of drugs are often poor predictors of CNS activity. While cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of drugs are often used as evidence of delivery of drug to brain, the CSF is a different compartment to the ECF. The continuous nature of microdialysis sampling of the ECF is ideal for pharmacokinetic (PK) studies, and can give valuable PK information of variations with time in drug concentrations of brain ECF versus plasma. The microdialysis technique needs careful calibration for relative recovery (extraction efficiency) of the drug if absolute quantification is required. Besides the drug, other molecules can be analysed in the microdialysates for information on downstream targets and/or energy metabolism in the brain. Cerebral microdialysis is an invasive technique, so is only useable in patients requiring neurocritical care, neurosurgery or brain biopsy. Application of results to wider patient populations, and to those with different pathologies or degrees of pathology, obviously demands caution. Nevertheless, microdialysis data can provide valuable guidelines for designing CNS therapies, and play an important role in small phase II clinical trials. In this review, we focus on the role of cerebral microdialysis in recent clinical studies of antimicrobial agents, drugs for tumour therapy, neuroprotective agents and anticonvulsants