Pengaruh Sistem Pengendalian Manajemen, Sitem Pengukuran Kinerja, dan Sistem Penghargaan (REWARD) terhadap Kinerja Manajer Unit (Studi Pada Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Sukoharjo)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan membuktikan pengaruh sistem pengendalian manajemen, sistem pengukuran kinerja, dan sistem penghargaan (reward) terhadap kinerja manajer unit. Objek penelitian ini adalah Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Sukoharjo. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 40 manajer unit yang bekerja di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Sukoharjo. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah sampel jenuh. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dengan metode Survey dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada responden. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda dengan menggunakan program SPSS 21. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Sistem Pengendalian Manajemen, Sistem pengukuran kinerja, dan Sistem penghargaan (reward), berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja manajer unit. Kata Kunci: sistem pengendalaian manajemen, sistem pengukuran kinerja, sistem penghargaan (reward)

Body appreciation around the world: Measurement invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age.

The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is a widely used measure of a core facet of the positive body image construct. However, extant research concerning measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across a large number of nations remains limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset - with data collected between 2020 and 2022 - to assess measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that full scalar invariance was upheld across all nations, languages, gender identities, and age groups, suggesting that the unidimensional BAS-2 model has widespread applicability. There were large differences across nations and languages in latent body appreciation, while differences across gender identities and age groups were negligible-to-small. Additionally, greater body appreciation was significantly associated with higher life satisfaction, being single (versus being married or in a committed relationship), and greater rurality (versus urbanicity). Across a subset of nations where nation-level data were available, greater body appreciation was also significantly associated with greater cultural distance from the United States and greater relative income inequality. These findings suggest that the BAS-2 likely captures a near-universal conceptualisation of the body appreciation construct, which should facilitate further cross-cultural research. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century

PENGUNDUHAN FILE VIDEO DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BEBERAPA JALUR 3G

PENGUNDUHAN FILE VIDEO DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BEBERAPA JALUR 3G

Role of Quantiferon TB gold assays in monitoring the efficacy of antituberculosis therapy

Rationale: The impact of antituberculous treatment on (IFN)-γ response to mycobacterial tuberculosis antigens have been widely investigated but the results have been controversial. Aim of work: To evaluate the role of Quantiferon TB gold assays as one of the interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) for monitoring the efficacy of antituberculosis therapy in patients with active disease. Subjects and methods: Thirty patients with active pulmonary TB were enrolled in this cross-sectional study where they were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, chest X-ray, direct smear examination of sputum samples for AFB using Ziehl–Neelson stain performed on three visits; up on enrollment, 2 and 6 months later. Lowenstein Jensen medium cultures of sputum samples were done for isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on first visit. All patients in the study group were subjected to QuantiFERON-TB Gold estimation on the three visits. Results: The mean sensitivity and specificity of QFT-G test was 85.9% and 62.6% respectively. Using χ2 analysis, there was a statistically significant association between QFT-G results and culture results upon enrollment and Acid fast bacilli positivity on second and third visits. Studying the changes in QFT-G results throughout the whole study period revealed a statistically significant decrease in number of QFT-G positive cases from 24/29 patients (82.8%) at first visit to 4/25 patients (16%) at the third visit. All 21/25 patients (84%) who became QFT-G negative at the end of the study had a complete clinical and microbiological recovery of the TB disease. Conclusion: The analysis of QFT-G assay results showed that in the majority of our TB patients there was a correlation between clinical treatment outcome and changes of IFN-γ response to M. tuberculosis-specific antigens