Distributive justice in international environmental policy - theoretical foundation and exemplary formulation

Questions of international distributive justice are certainly not new. We need only think of the demand made by the developing countries in the 1970s for a New World Economic Order, which aimed at a more equitable distribution of the benefits derived from the international division of labor. Demands were at that time raised for improved chances for exports to the industrialized countries, stepped-up financial and technology transfers, and a larger share in the decision-making processes in international institutions, above all in the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. Even though these demands have remained largely unheard, and the debate on a New World Order is as good as over, there are, at the outset of the 21st century, a number of highly topical reasons why the issue of international distributive justice is again attracting more and more attention. Many of these reasons are bound up with the phenomenon of globalization. --

Studies on Emission Processes in Optically Pumped Mercury Vapor

Electron transitions in optically pumped mercury vapor emissio

Large Wind Energy Converter: Growian 3 MW

The final report on the projected application of larger-scale wind turbine on the northern German coast is summarized. The designs of the tower, machinery housing, rotor, and rotor blades are described accompanied various construction materials are examined. Rotor blade adjustment devices auxiliary and accessory equipment are examined

Confronting the challenges of whale avoidance by large vessels to reduce collision risk: A quantitative approach

Disturbance of wildlife by human transportation infrastructure is ubiquitous. This type of human-wildlife conflict has the potential to negatively impact wildlife population growth rates, especially for at-risk species like large whales. While many whale populations are rebounding as a result of a moratorium on commercial whaling, increasing ship traffic constitutes a significant threat to whale conservation efforts in the form of ship-whale collisions (“ship strikes”). Ship strike avoidance is difficult because vessel operators can only see whales when they are breaking the surface of the water, or “available for detection,” and even then, they will only see them a fraction of the time (the “perception process”). We investigated the ability of ship operators to detect and actively avoid whales by quantifying two processes: the ability of vessel operators to ascertain the direction of travel of whales (Chapter 2), and the varying detection challenges faced by vessel operators as whales move through the “strike zone” (Chapter 3). In Chapter 2, we modeled the ability of vessel operators to congruously determine whale direction of travel as a function of ship-to-whale distance and the number of surfacings in a bout. We found that the probability of making a congruous DT assignment increased as surfacing bout length increased and as ship-to-whale distance decreased. We also modeled the time it took vessel operators to make a DT assignment after the first sighting of a whale, and found that the probability of making a DT assignment was around 0.5 after three minutes had passed. In Chapter 3, we modeled the probabilities of whales entering and exiting the upper portion of the water column where they are at risk of ship strike (the “strike zone”), as well as the availability probability. We found that whales are present and undetected in the strike zone far more frequently than they are available for detection, which has important consequences for ship strike avoidance protocols and regulations

Clavichord Music of Johann Kuhnau and C. P. E. Bach Joan Benson, clavichordist.

Helm discusses and reviews Benson\u27 1987 recording

Cynical consumers : dangerous enemies, loyal friends

The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file.Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 1, 2007)Vita.Thesis (Ph. D.) University of Missouri-Columbia 2006.This dissertation introduces and develops the construct of consumer cynicism, characterized by a perception of a pervasive, systemic lack of integrity in the marketplace, and investigates how cynical consumers behave in the marketplace. This dissertation developed a scale, laying groundwork for future research, and investigated cynicism antecedents, associated marketplace behaviors, and the cynicism-brand loyalty relationship. Cynical consumers perceive a marketplace full of opportunism. The nine studies reported here formed a rigorous scale development procedure. A large-scale national survey provided the final scale validation sample and primary research instrument for testing hypotheses. Consumer cynicism is shown to impact marketplace behaviors and perceptions, leading to marketplace shaping or consumer activism and criticism behaviors, marketplace withdrawal, perceptions of purchase risk, and category-specific cynicism. At the level of a particular purchase, category-specific cynicism is shown to be associated with brand support behaviors and with increased importance of trust issues, rather than satisfaction or value, in brand loyalty.Includes bibliographical reference

Distributive justice in international environmental policy: theoretical foundation and exemplary formulation

"Proceeding on a limited number of general, widely accepted equity criteria, the authors develop a proposal for distributing common resources. In particular, the proposed fair division mechanism is individually rational, envyfree, Pareto-efficient and satisfies the stand alone test, which follows as a minimum requirement from the resource and population monotonicity criteria. Applied to international climate policy, the thrust of this proposal is that the South should initially be fully compensated by the North for the greenhouse gas abatement measures it is to undertake as a result of efficiency considerations. When the Kyoto Protocol is ratified, the proposal developed could become part of the distributive mechanism of a fair and effective climate policy." (author's abstract)"Aufbauend auf einer bestimmten Anzahl allgemeiner, weitgehend akzeptierter Kriterien von Verteilungsgerechtigkeit (distributive justice) werden in diesem Beitrag Vorschläge zur gerechten Verteilung grenzüberschreitender, gemeinsamer Ressourcen untersucht. Insbesondere geht es den Autoren um die Entwicklung eines fairen Verteilungsmechanismus, der den Kriterien der Neidfreiheit, der individuellen Rationalität, der Ressourcen- und Populationsmonotonität und des sogenannten Stand-alone-Nutzens entspricht. Angewandt auf die internationale Klimapolitik ergibt sich, daß der Süden (die Entwicklungsländer) für die Kosten der Reduzierung seiner Treibhausgase seitens des Nordens (der Industrieländer) voll kompensiert werden sollte - wenn es um die globale Umsetzung des Effizienzgedankens geht." (Autorenreferat

Distributive justice in international environmental policy - theoretical foundation and exemplary formulation

Questions of international distributive justice are certainly not new. We need only think of the demand made by the developing countries in the 1970s for a New World Economic Order, which aimed at a more equitable distribution of the benefits derived from the international division of labor. Demands were at that time raised for improved chances for exports to the industrialized countries, stepped-up financial and technology transfers, and a larger share in the decision-making processes in international institutions, above all in the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. Even though these demands have remained largely unheard, and the debate on a New World Order is as good as over, there are, at the outset of the 21st century, a number of highly topical reasons why the issue of international distributive justice is again attracting more and more attention. Many of these reasons are bound up with the phenomenon of globalization