Charles West: a 19th century perspective on acquired childhood aphasia

Dr Charles West was the founder (1852) of the first paediatric hospital in the English-speaking world. In a career spanning four decades, he devoted a great part of his energies to describing the nervous diseases of infants and children. In 1871, West published a series of lectures which focused uniquely on the developmental and acquired language and mental disorders of children. West's clinical experience indicated that acquired aphasia was almost always a transitory condition in children. However, there was one exceptional case which West followed for over 3 years. It represents the youngest case of persistent aphasia described in the modern English medical literature. West's writings reflect a significant early attempt to document and categorise language loss and disturbance in children. In this paper, we detail West's innovations in the description, assessment and treatment of child language disorders

Design of a Computer Code To Evaluate the Influence of the Harmonics in the Electrical Networks

This paper aims to present the design of a computer code (HPFCODE), forcalculate a power flow and power losses in power systems under theinfluence of harmonics, using the GUI in MATLAB. After described theprogram was run for two networks IEEE 6 nodes and IEEE 14 nodes. Thepower flow by Newton-Raphson method was calculated as the losses ofactive and reactive power in the lines, respectively, where the loads arelinear and nonlinear (Static Var Compensator(SVC), Thyristor controlledReactor(TCR), and Unified Power Flow Controller ((UPFC)), The resultswere almost consistent and show the influence of higher harmonics onpower losses in electrical networks.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i5.146

Réflexions Sur Les Variations Pluviométriques De La Région De Tiaret (Algérie Occidentale) Durant La Période 1984 – 2015

The analysis of rainfall is offered over a period of thirty-two years of measurement. This study based on the calculation of a number of indices has to account for the extreme variability of rainfall in the region of Tiaret (western Algeria). It also shows the severe and lasting climate of drought observed in this region from 1984 to 2002. It also highlights the return to a wet phase recorded from 2003 to 2014. The year 2015 has been quite deficient in rainfall. Is it the beginning of a new period of drought

Heavy Metals in the Environment and Health Impact

Heavy metals are among the most harmful contaminants in the ecosystems due to their persistency, bioaccumulation and high toxicity. In this chapter, we presented the sources, distribution and pathways of heavy metals in soil, water and air. The physico-chemical properties, uses, toxicity and health hazards of the purely toxic heavy metals lead, cadmium and mercury were also described. Other essential heavy metals were briefly presented and the main health effects due to their deficiency or excess were displayed in this chapter. Finally, the various methods used for the removal of heavy metals from soil and aquatic environments were discussed with a focus on nanomaterials

Food Supplementation with Vitamins and Minerals: An Overview

Vitamins are organic substances that are essential for normal metabolism, growth, development, and regulation of cell function. Mineral elements are non-organic substances. They constitute 4% of the body mass. Multivitamins and minerals are commonly used as dietary supplements to maintain good health and prevent chronic diseases. In this chapter, we described selected vitamins and minerals used as nutritional supplements. We presented their dietary sources as well as their absorption, metabolism, storage and functions in human body. We also discussed their benefits and potential harmful effects associated with deficiency or excess intake. The prevalence, recommended intakes, regulatory status and health effects of supplementation with these micronutrients were also detailed. Finally, the use of vitamins and minerals as food additives was described in this chapter

RÉHABILITATION PAR l’ATRIPLEX DES PARCOURS STEPPIQUES DU SUD DE LA PREFECTURE DE SAÏDA (ALGERIE OCCIDENTALE)

Algerian steppe area subject to desertification is crowded with sheep population. Overgrazing is one of the causes of desertification of steppe rangelands. It is one of the phenomena preventing the reconstitution of steppe rangelands. Long periods of drought and sedentary herds have weakened the regeneration of steppe rangelands. A new approach is proposed for the rehabilitation of degraded grassland ranges with Atriplex canescens. This is a promising approach for rangeland rehabilitation suffering from overuse. Atriplex canescens, famous for its high forage value, is highly valued by sheep. The use of rehabilitated, with a mode of rotational grazing or controlled grazing (set off) pathways is a form of struggle against the exploitation and thus desertification. This study reveals the successful rehabilitation of degraded grassland ranges

Mobilite Du Plomb Et Du Zinc Issus De Retombees Atmospheriques Dans Le Sol : Cas De La Zone Industrielle De Tiaret, Algerie

Study of heavy metals mobility in soil is a necessary step for making an accurate appraisal and quantitative evaluation of the extent of contamination, indeed, wet and dry atmospheric deposits, plays an important role in the cycle of semi-volatile contaminants (Vinogradova, 2000). Metallurgical industries release heavy metals into the atmosphere, these last, clump together to form fines particles suspended in the air, these metals can be transported by wind via aerosol or aqueous pathway and deposited in the soil. The main aim of this work was to study the mobility and fate of lead and zinc from atmospheric deposits in a contaminated soil from the foundry (ALFET) in the industrial zone of Tiaret (Western Algeria) and to determine the effect of physicochemical parameters of the soil on their mobility in the topsoil. The physicochemical analysis of soil samples have shown that zinc and lead levels contents in the surface layer soil (0-30cm) vary depending on the pH, total limestone (CaCO3). The obtained results clearly show the major effect of soil texture, the fine fraction (clay and sand)

Restriction of Particle Size and Lattice Strain through X-Ray Diffraction Peak Broadening Analysis of ZnO Nanoparticles

In this study have been determined the crystallite size and lattice strain of ZnO nanoparticles as shown in Figure (1) by using variance and integral breadth methods, and also used some other methods such as Scherrer and Williamson-Hall to calculate above parameters. In variance method we have calculated the values of crystallite size, mean square strain and lattice strain are (22.276 nm), (0.133473 x 10-3) and (14.479 x 10-3) respectively, and the crystallite size is (25.126 nm) as well as the lattice strain is (2.443 x 10-3) by using integral breadth method. The other methods such as Scherrer which gives the value of crystallite size is (17.622 nm) and lattice strain is (6.036 x 10-3), while the Williamson-Hall gives the following values: crystallite size is (22.063 nm) and the lattice strain is (1.192 x 10-3). Keywords: X-ray diffraction, Variance analysis method, integral breadth method

Studying Variance Method of X-Ray Diffraction Line Profile Then Develop It to Three New Models for Determine New Parameters

In this study have been determined the crystallite size and lattice strain of ZnO nanoparticles by using variance and have been developed the variance method by presenting three new models (UDVM, UDSVM and UDEDVM) to determine lattice parameters such as crystallite size, lattice strain, stress and energy density for the first time. In variance method we have calculated the values of crystallite size, mean square strain and lattice strain (22.276 nm), (0.133473 x 10-3) and (14.479619 x 10-3) respectively. We have calculated the values of crystallite size and lattice strain (22.276 nm) and (14.47962 x 10-3) respectively by using UDVM, the values of crystallite size, stress and lattice strain (22.276 nm), (3.7266 x 10-3 TPa) and (14.48006 x 10-3) respectively by using UDSVM and the values of crystallite size, stress, energy density & lattice strain (22.276 nm), (2.9957 x 10-3 TPa), (21689.7 KJ/m3) and (14.48024 x 10-3) respectively by using UDEDVM