126 research outputs found

    Economic Inequality and Health: Looking Beyond Aggregate Indicators

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    This paper examines the relationship between relative income inequality and health in Finland, using individual microdata over the period 1993-2005. Our data allows us to analyse a large spectrum of health indicators. Overall, our results suggest that income inequality is not associated with increased morbidity in the population. The results for women differ to quite a large extent from those of men and the pooled sample. There is evidence that an increase in the Gini coefficient is negatively related to the probability of good physical health and no disability retirement. For men, relative income inequality is clearly not important for health.Health, health behaviour, economic inequality, relative income inequality, relative deprivation, Gini coefficient

    Laki ehkÀissyt tupakoinnin aloittamista

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    Useimmat elintavat muuttuneet terveellisemmiksi

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    Impact of Tobacco Control Policy on Smoking and Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke

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    The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of the Finnish tobacco control measures for reduction of smoking. First, the trends and patterns in ever smoking among adult Finns in 1978 2001 as well as the associations of trends with the Tobacco Control Act in 1976 were examined. Secondly, the impact of the 1976 TCA on the proportion of ever daily smokers in different socioeconomic groups was studied. Thirdly, the impact of the 1995 TCAA on recent trends in the prevalence of daily smoking was evaluated by gender and employment status. Fourthly, the trends of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) at workplaces and homes were investigated. The study is based on data of the Health Behaviour among the Finnish Adult Population surveys. Among Finnish men smoking initiation declined from earlier to later cohorts, whereas among women it increased in successive birth cohorts born before 1956. The lasting differences between birth cohorts as regards ever daily smoking reflected well the impact of measures to reduce smoking in Finland in 1976. Smoking initiation in the birth cohorts (born in 1961 or later) which were in critical age as regards the risk of smoking initiation when the TCA came into force was less common than could be expected according to the trends seen in the earlier birth cohorts. Marked socioeconomic differences were found in smoking in the different birth cohorts. Smoking was more prevalent in the lower socioeconomic groups than in the higher ones, and the differences were larger in the later birth cohorts compared to the earlier ones. The differences between the birth cohorts in ever daily smoking were compatible with the hypothetical impact of the TCA in almost all socioeconomic groups, except farmers. Among men the 1976 TCA appears to have had the greatest impact on white-collar employees. Among women the effect of the act was highly significant in all socioeconomic groups. However, female smoking prevalence continues to show wide socioeconomic disparities. Daily smoking decreased among employees after the 1995 TCAA, supporting the hypothesis of the lowering impact of the amendment on daily smoking due to increased smoking cessation. No parallel change in daily smoking was found in the population without direct expose to ETS legislation (farmers, students, housewives, pensioners or unemployed). Exposure to ETS decreased markedly among non-smokers at work after the 1995 TCAA. The 1976 TCA and the 1995 TCAA were useful in controlling smoking initiation and cessation, but their impact was not equal across the population groups. The results of this study strongly suggested that tobacco control policies markedly contribute to the decrease in smoking and in exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli arvioida tupakkapoliittisten toimenpiteiden, erityisesti vuoden 1976 tupakkalain ja sitÀ tÀydentÀvÀn vuoden 1995 tupakkalain uudistusten, vaikutuksia tupakoinnin aloittamiseen, pÀivittÀin tupakointiin sekÀ ympÀristön tupakansavulle altistumiseen. Tupakoinnin yleisyydessÀ tapahtuneita muutoksia tarkasteltiin sukupuolen, syntymÀvuosikohortin ja sosioekonomisen aseman mukaan. Tutkimusaineistona oli Kansanterveyslaitoksen Suomalaisen aikuisvÀestön terveyskÀyttÀytyminen (AVTK) -aineisto. MiehillÀ yleinen kehityssuunta oli joskus pÀivittÀin tupakoineiden osuuden vÀheneminen kohortti kohortilta. Naisilla taas tupakointi lisÀÀntyi kohortti kohortilta ennen vuotta 1956 syntyneissÀ kohorteissa. NiissÀ kohorteissa, jotka olivat kaikkein herkimmÀssÀ tupakoinnin aloittamisiÀssÀ vuoden 1976 tupakkalain tullessa voimaan 1960-luvulla tai myöhemmin syntyneillÀ tupakoinnin aloittaminen oli vÀhÀisempÀÀ kuin aiempien syntymÀvuosikohorttien perusteella laaditun trendiennusteen mukaan oli odotettavissa. Sosioekonomisten ryhmien vÀliset erot joskus pÀivittÀin tupakoineiden osuudessa eri syntymÀvuosikohorteissa olivat suuret. Tupakointi oli yleisempÀÀ alemmissa sosioekonomisissa ryhmissÀ, ja ryhmien vÀliset erot olivat suuremmat nuoremmissa kohorteissa. Tupakoinnin yleisyyden erot eri kohorteissa tukivat oletusta vuoden 1976 tupakkalain vaikutuksesta tupakoinnin vÀhenemiseen jokseenkin kaikissa sosioekonomisissa ryhmissÀ. Vuoden 1960 jÀlkeen syntyneissÀ kohorteissa tupakoinnin aloittaminen oli harvinaisempaa kuin trendiennusteen perusteella olisi voinut odottaa kaikissa muissa sosioekonomisissa ryhmissÀ paitsi maanviljelijöillÀ. MiehillÀ tupakkalain vaikutus oli suurin toimihenkilömiehillÀ. Naisilla taas tupakkalain vaikutus oli suuri kaikissa sosioekonomisissa ryhmissÀ, mutta suuret erot naisten tupakoinnin yleisyydessÀ eri ryhmissÀ sÀilyivÀt edelleen. Vuoden 1995 tupakkalain uudistuksen jÀlkeen pÀivittÀistupakointi vÀheni työssÀ olleiden keskuudessa tupakoinnin lopettamisen lisÀÀntyessÀ. NiissÀ vÀestöryhmissÀ, jotka eivÀt olleet tupakkalain vaikutuspiirissÀ, vastaavaa vÀhentymistÀ pÀivittÀistupakoinnin yleisyydessÀ ei tapahtunut. YmpÀristön tupakansavulle altistuminen vÀheni työpaikoilla vuoden 1995 jÀlkeen. Tutkimustulosten mukaan tupakoinnin vÀhentÀmiseksi laadituilla laeilla ja niihin liittyvillÀ toimenpiteillÀ oli mahdollista vÀhentÀÀ tupakoinnin aloittamista, lisÀtÀ tupakoinnin lopettamista sekÀ vÀhentÀÀ ympÀristön tupakansavulle altistumista. Tupakkalakien vaikutus ei kuitenkaan ollut yhtÀ voimakas eri sosioekonomisissa ryhmissÀ

    Suomalaisen aikuisvÀestön terveyskÀyttÀytyminen ja terveys, kevÀt 2014 - Health Behaviour and Health among the Finnish Adult Population, Spring 2014

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    Raportissa esitetÀÀn Suomalaisen aikuisvÀestön terveyskÀyttÀytyminen ja terveys (AVTK) -tutkimuksen tulokset kevÀÀltÀ 2014. Tulokset muodostavat koko maan työikÀistÀ vÀestöÀ kuvaavan aikasarjan, jonka luvut ovat keskenÀÀn vertailukelpoisia vuodesta 1978 alkaen. Raportin tekstiosassa kartoitetaan vÀestön terveyskÀyttÀytymisen pitkÀn ja lyhyen aikavÀlin muutoksia tupakoinnissa, ruokatottumuksissa, alkoholinkÀytössÀ ja liikunnan harrastamisessa. Elintapojen kehitystÀ tarkastellaan myös alueittain. * * * * * This report presents results from the Health Behaviour and Health among the Finnish Adult Population survey from spring 2014. The results are comparable to the results of previous years surveys, from 1978 onwards. The purpose is to obtain information on the current health behaviour of the working-age population and on its long- and short-term changes. The survey examines key aspects of health behaviour such as smoking, food habits, alcohol consumption and physical activity. Tables on various health behaviours form a substantial part of this report. The table texts are also in English

    AikuisvÀestön tupakointi

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    AikuisvÀestön terveyskÀyttÀytymisseuranta ja tupakointi

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    Health Behaviour and Health among the Finnish Elderly, Spring 2013, with trends 1993-2013

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    Raportissa esitetÀÀn ElÀkeikÀisen vÀestön terveyskÀyttÀytyminen ja terveys (EVTK) -tutkimuksen tulokset kevÀÀltÀ 2013. Tulokset muodostavat koko maan 65 84-vuotiasta vÀestöÀ kuvaavan aikasarjan, jonka luvut ovat keskenÀÀn vertailukelpoisia vuodesta 1993 alkaen. Raportin tekstiosassa kartoitetaan elÀkeikÀisen vÀestön terveyskÀyttÀytymisen ja terveyden pitkÀn ja lyhyen aikavÀlin muutoksia mm. tupakoinnissa, ruokatottumuksissa, alkoholin kÀytössÀ, liikunnan harrastamisessa ja toimintakyvyssÀ. * * * This report presents results from the Health Behaviour and Health among the Finnish Elderly survey of spring 2013. The results are comparable to the results of previous years surveys, from 1993 onwards. The purpose is to obtain information on the current health behaviour and health of the elderly population and on long- and short-term changes. The survey examines key aspects of health behaviour and health such as smoking, food habits, alcohol consumption, physical activity and functional ability. The tables are also given in English

    Does a Slump Really Make You Thinner? Finnish Micro-level Evidence 1978-2002

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    This paper explores the relationship between obesity and economic conditions in Finland, using individual microdata from 1978 to 2002. The results reveal that an improvement in regional economic conditions measured by the employment-to-population ratio produces a decrease in obesity over the period of investigation, other things being equal. This effect arises from the decline in the height-adjusted weight of people who are deeply overweight, (BMI>35). In addition, the effect is strongest for the people in later middle age (aged 45-65). The incidence of obesity is unrelated to the regional growth rate. All in all, the Finnish evidence presented does not support the conclusions reported for the USA, according to which temporary economic slowdowns are good for health. In contrast, at least overweight increases during slumps.overweight, business cycles, health
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