Tamponnade péricardique révélant un lupus érythémateux systémique au cours d’une leishmaniose viscérale atypique

L'association de leishmaniose viscérale (LV) et lupus érythémateux systémique (LES) est rare et grave. La similitude des signes cliniques peut être responsables de difficultés diagnostiques surtout quand les deux  pathologies se déclarent de façon concomitante. Nous rapportons l'observation d'une malade qui avait présenté une association grave et atypique de LV et LES qui se sont déclarés en même temps. La LV était atypique par l'absence du syndrome tumoral, de la fièvre et la négativité de la sérologie leishmaniose. Le LES jusque là méconnu était révélé par une poussée sévère avec différentes atteintes viscérales. L'évolution était favorable sous amphotéricine-B et corticothérapie. En cas d'association des deux pathologies une surveillance particulière est nécessaire à fin de diagnostiquer à temps une atteinte viscérale grave du LES et démarrer précocement une prise en charge étiologique et symptomatique qui est le seul garant de l'évolution favorable.Key words: Leishmaniose viscérale, lupus érythémateux systémique, association, corticothérapi

Effect of carbaryl (carbamate insecticide) on acetylcholinesterase activity of two strains of Daphnia magna (Crustacea, Cladocera)

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Sensitivity of different aquatic bioassays in the assessment of a new natural formicide

International audienceAgrochemicals have the potential to cause deleterious effects on living organisms and therefore they must be subjected to various (eco)toxicological studies and monitoring programs in order to protect human health and the environment. The aim of this study was to assess the ecotoxicity of a new natural formicide with a battery of three classical and three ecotox-kit tests. The former tests were performed with Aliivibrio fischeri bacteria (Lumistox test), the cladoceran Daphnia magna and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata algae, and the latter with Thamnotoxkit F (TM) (Thamnocephalus platyurus), Ostracodtoxkit F (R) (Heterocypris incongruens) and LuminoTox (photosynthetic enzyme complexes). In the range of formicide concentrations tested (from 0.06 to 2.0 g L-1), the measurement endpoint values varied from 0.79 g L-1 for the algal test to > 2 g L-1 for the LuminoTox and Ostracodtoxkit F (R) tests. Hierarchical sensitivity ranking based on the no-observed effect concentration (NOEC) values established to assess the formicide ecotoxicity was as follows: algal growth inhibition test approximate to daphnid immobilization test approximate to bacterial luminescence inhibition test > Thamnotoxkit F (TM) > LuminoTox > Ostracodtoxkit F (R). Overall, results from the battery of bioassays showed that this formicide preparation presents low ecotoxicity as compared to the aquatic ecotoxicity of presently commercialized formicides. In conclusion, classical aquatic bioassays are more sensitive than ecotox-kit tests in the assessment and monitoring of the new natural formicide

Assessment of multigenerational deltamethrin exposure effects on daphnia population with data mining

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Investigation of differences in sensitivity between 3 strains of Daphnia magna (crustacean Cladocera) exposed to malathion (organophosphorous pesticide)

International audienceAcute and chronic ecotoxic effects of organophosphorous insecticide malathion (Fyfanon 50 EC 500g L-1) were investigated on three strains of Daphnia magna. The nominal effective concentrations immobilizing 50% (EC50) of Daphnia after 24 and 48h were 0.53 and 0.36 mu g L-1, 0.70 and 0.44 mu g L-1, and 0.75 and 0.46 mu g L-1 for the strains 1, 2, and 3 respectively. There was an increase in malathion ecotoxicity with time of exposure as confirmed by chronic studies. In fact, after 21days of exposure, significant effects on survival (lowest observed effect concentration or LOECs) were recorded at malathion concentrations of 22, 220 and 230ng L-1 for strains 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Other endpoints were also examined, including reproduction (with different parameters), body length and embryo toxicity. ICs10 and ICs20 were calculated for these different parameters. ICs10 ranged from 4.7 to more than 220ng L-1 for the three tested strains. The most sensitive parameter was the number of neonates per adult (ICs10 = 4.7 and 10.8ng L-1 for strains 1 and 2 respectively) or the number of broods (IC10 = 10ng L-1 for strain 3). Moreover, an increase in embryo development abnormalities was observed at the two highest tested malathion concentrations. Abnormalities comprised undeveloped second antennae, curved or unextended shell spines, and curved post-abdomen spines in live neonates. Results suggest that malathion could act as an endocrine disruptor in D. magna as it interferes with development. It also induces a significant decrease in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities for the three strains. Both strains 2 and 3 seemed more sensitive (LOECs = 60ng L-1) than strain 1 (LOEC = 120ng L-1). Our results suggest that the AChE activity response can also be used as a biomarker of inter-strain (or inter-clonal) susceptibility (i.e. strain (or clone)-specific response)

Use of agro-industrial organic sludge amendment to remediate degraded soil: chemical and eco(geno)toxicological differences between fresh and stabilized sludge and establishment of application rates

International audienceSoil degraded by coal mining activities can be remediated by amendment with agro-industrial organic sludge. However, the environmental impacts associated with this management practice must be properly addressed. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the eco(geno)toxicity of a fresh and a stabilized sludge before use in a laboratory soil remediation test. Chemical analysis of the complex mixtures (degraded soil, fresh sludge, and stabilized sludge) was carried out, as well as a battery of eco(geno)toxicity tests on microbiological enzymes (fluorescein hydrolysis), earthworms, and higher plants (including Vicia faba genotoxicity test), according to published methodologies. The results of these tests showed that fresh sludge was more toxic than sludge stabilized over 6 months toward earthworms and higher plants (lettuce, corn, and wild cabbage), while phyto(geno)toxicity tests with V. faba indicated the same genotoxicity levels for the two types of sludge. In the soil remediation simulation using different mixtures of degraded soil and stabilized sludge, the proportions of 50:50 % (dry weight basis) provided the lowest phyto(geno)toxicity effects and this mixture can be used for the revegetation of the contaminated site

Etude écotoxicologique de la mixture de la deltaméthrine (pesticide pyréthrinoïdes) et du malathion (pesticide Organophosphore) sur Daphnia magna (Crustacé, Cladocère)

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