Distribution of amphibians and reptiles in central Poland: 1980-2000

Based on 3047 records from 97 recorders distribution maps were drawn for the amphibians and reptiles of central Poland (lirom 51°00’N to 52°15’N and from 18°20’E to 20°20’E). The study area was divided into 180 atlas fields based on the geographic grid. All data were gathered in 1980-2000, most of them (67%) however, in 1995-2000. 13 taxa of amphibians were found in 143 atlas fields and 6 species of reptiles were found in 121 atlas fields. The amphibians were (given with the number of atlas fields with the species found): 119 - Common frog Rana temporaria Linnaeus, 1758; 114 - Common toad Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758); 97 - Moor frog Rana arvalis Nilsson, 1842; 94 - Fire-bellied toad Bomhina bombina (Linnaeus, 1761); 93 - Pool frog Rana lessonae Camerano, 1882; 87 - Tree frog Hyla arhorea (Linnaeus, 1758); 85 - Green toad Bufo viriiüs Laurenti, 1768; 72 - Smooth newt Triturus vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758); 70 - Spadefoot Pelobales fuscus (Laurenti, 1768); 69 - Edible frog Rana kl. esculenia Linnaeus, 1758; 39 - Great crested newt Triturus cristatus (Laurenti, 1768); 30 - Marsh frog Rana ridibunda Pallas, 1771 and 28 - the Natterjack Bufo calamita Laurenti, 1768. The reptile species (given with the number o f atlas fields) were: 94 - Sand lizard Lacerta agilis Linnaeus, 1758; 72 - Slow-worm Anguis fragilis Linnaeus, 1758; 67 - Common lizard Lacerta vivipara Jacquin, 1787; 60 - Grass snake Natrix natrix (Linnaeus, 1758), 57 - Adder Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758) and 4 - the Smooth snake Coronella austriaca Laurenti, 1768. Six adult specimens of the European pond terrapin Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus) were also found, but breeding of this species in the area studied was not confirmed.Zadanie pt. „Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki” nr 885/P-DUN/2014 dofinansowane zostało ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę

30-Year-Long Changes in Terrestrial Vertebrate Fauna of Niebieskie ŹródłA (Blue Springs) Nature Reserve in Tomaszów Mazowiecki, Central Poland

The article focuses on changes in terrestrial vertebrate fauna of Niebieskie Źródła (Blue Springs) Nature Reserve that occurred between two censuses carried out in the area. The first census was carried out in the period of 1968-1970, and the second census in the period of 1998-1999. In 1998-1999 the occurrence of four species of amphibians, 41 of birds and 15 of mammals was recorded. In comparison with investigations from 1968-1970 two species of amphibians, two species of mammals, and nine species of birds were found to have disappeared from the reserve. In the census carried out in 1998 and 1999 we recorded 22 new species of vertebrates: one new species of amphibian, five species of mammals, and 16 species of birds. The recent observations showed a decline in the abundance of amphibian species in the reserve, especially in the closest vicinity to the urban development around the city of Tomaszów Mazowiecki. The quantitative data on birds showed an increase in the numbers and abundance, which was mainly pronounced in the group of forest species, especially cavity and shrub nesters. We suggest that these changes are directly related to the succession of forest vegetation and its developing vertical structure, as well as to an increase in the forestation of the reserve area

The occurrence of black stork Ciconia nigra (L.), black grouse Tetrao tetrix (L.) and hazel hen Bonasa bonasia (L.) in Łódź region (The results of an enquiry)

This paper presents the results of enquiry sent (in 1994) to the forest district administration in Łódź (Central Poland), concerning three forest bird species: black stork, black grouse and hazel hen. Compared to the results of older study (from 1972) the increase of black stork population is distinguishable (now about 50 breeding pairs) contrary to abruptly decreased numbers of the other two species.Zadanie pt. „Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki” nr 885/P-DUN/2014 dofinansowane zostało ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę

Coaching sukcesji –zarys koncepcji

Coaching sukcesji –zarys koncepcj

Izolator wsporczy z funkcją pomiaru napięcia do rozdzielnic SN

W artykule przedstawiono konstrukcję izolatora wsporczego z funkcją pomiaru napięcia do zastosowania w rozdzielnicach wnętrzowych z izolacją powietrzną, o napięciu znamionowym do 24 kV. Podano wymagania norm stawiane izolatorom wsporczym, jak i sensorom pomiarowym. Przeanalizowano wpływ materiału izolacyjnego (żywicy epoksydowej) na przekładnię sensora pomiarowego dla różnych częstotliwości napięcia (wyższe harmoniczne sieciowe). Wykonano analizę pola elektrycznego wzdłuż członu niskonapięciowego sensora w celu zapewnienia równomiernego jego rozkładu. Porównano nowo opracowany sensor z obecnym już na rynku sensorem pomiarowym bez funkcji wsporczej.The article presents construction of a new support insulator with a voltage measurement function for use in indoor switchgears with air insulation, for rated voltage up to 24 kV. Standard requirements for support insulators as well as measuring sensors have been given. The influence of insulating material (epoxy resin) on the measuring sensor accuracy for different voltage frequencies (higher network harmonics) was analyzed. The electric field was analyzed in order to ensure uniform distribution along the low voltage sensor. The newly developed sensor was compared to the sensor but without function of a support insulator