Initiation of rrn transcription in chloroplasts of Euglena gracilis bacillaris

The site of initiation of chloroplast rRNA synthesis was determined by Sl-mapping and by sequencing primary rRNA transcripts specifically labeled at their 5′-end. Transcription initiates at a single site 53 nucleotides upstream of the 5'-end of the mature 16S rRNA under all growth conditions examined. The initiation site is within a DNA sequence that is highly homologous to and probably derived from a tRNA gene-region located elsewhere in the chloroplast genome. A nearly identical sequence (102 of 103 nucleotides) is present near the replication origin. The near identity of the two sequences suggests a common mode for control of transcription of the rRNA genes and initiation of chloroplast DNA replication. The related sequence in the tRNA gene-region does not appear to serve as a transcript initiation site.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46967/1/294_2004_Article_BF00521275.pd

Syntax-Guided Termination Analysis

We present new algorithms for proving program termination and non-termination using syntax-guided synthesis. They exploit the symbolic encoding of programs and automatically construct a formal grammar for symbolic constraints that are used to synthesize either a termination argument or a non-terminating program refinement. The constraints are then added back to the program encoding, and an off-the-shelf constraint solver decides on their fitness and on the progress of the algorithms. The evaluation of our implementation, called Freq-Term, shows that although the formal grammar is limited to the syntax of the program, in the majority of cases our algorithms are effective and fast. Importantly, FreqTerm is competitive with state-of-the-art on a wide range of terminating and non-terminating benchmarks, and it significantly outperforms state-of-the-art on proving non-termination of a class of programs arising from large-scale Event-Condition-Action systems

Editorial Open Access

ISSN:2157-7439 JNMNT an open access journal The interface between biology and nonmaterial’s is an emerging frontier for research and development in science and technology. Currently significant research activities are focused on using or imitating biological materials, including self-assembly in living and synthetic materials [1], bio-functionalization of nanomaterials [2], control of cell behavior through nano-engineered materials [3], and hybrid systems consisting of biomolecules and inorganic materials, such as Metallic Nanoparticles (MNPs) and semiconductor Quantum Dots (QDs). These systems, which are of interest for various applications (including biosensors [4], responsive nanoparticle systems [5,6], etc;) are mostly based on the intrinsic resonances of QDs (excitons) and MNPs (plasmons), Forster energy transfer, and the impact of environment on biomolecules. Considerable research efforts have already been devoted to studying possible applications of such systems for biosensors tha