Stress and strain analyses of rectangular plates for large deformations Part 2. Calculation of fracture probabilities in rectangular plates under area load

The second part of this paper is a supplement to part 1 [1] by a statistical evaluation. At free-edge positioning of the plate and uniform area load, diagrams are shown for the determination of fracture probabihty according to Weibull using given experimentally determined parameters

Stress and strain analyses of rectangular plates for large deformations Part 1. Dimensioning of rectangular plates under surface load and/or line load

Gross deformation of large-area plates such as those now used for glazing in the building industry can no longer be calculated on the basis of the linear theory so far applied to flat plates. In this paper the distribution of stress and deformation in rectangular plates will be numerically determined by a non-linear shell theory with the aid of the method of finite elements. The findings will be confirmed by experimental data. Particular value is placed on a standardized representation of the results, which permits the plotting of suitable dimensioning nomograms for practical application

Higher macrophage superoxide anion production in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with Type D personality

BACKGROUND Type D personality (Type D) is an independent psychosocial risk factor for poor cardiac prognosis and increased mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the involved mechanisms are poorly understood. Macrophages play a pivotal role in atherosclerosis, the process underlying coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated macrophage superoxide anion production in production in CAD patients with and without Type D. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 20 male CAD patients with Type D (M:66.7±9.9years) and 20 age-matched male CAD patients without Type D (M:67.7±8.5years). Type D was measured using the DS14 questionnaire with the two subscales 'negative affectivity' and 'social inhibition'. We assessed macrophage superoxide anion production using the WST-1 assay. All analyses were controlled for potential confounders. CAD patients with Type D showed higher superoxide anion production compared to CAD patients without Type D (F(1,38)=15.57, p<0.001). Complementary analyses using the Type D subscales 'negative affectivity' and 'social inhibition', and their interaction as continuous measures, showed that both Type D subscales (negative affectivity: (ß=0.48, p=0.002, R(2)=0.227); social inhibition: (ß=0.46, p=0.003, R(2)=0.208)) and their interaction (ß=0.36, p=0.022, R(2)=0.130) were associated with higher WST-1 reduction scores. Results remained significant when controlling for classical CVD risk factors (i.e. body mass index, mean arterial blood pressure), atherosclerosis severity (i.e. intima media thickness, presence of carotid plaques), and psychological factors (depressive symptom severity, chronic stress). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate higher macrophage superoxide anion production in CAD patients with Type D compared to those without Type D. This may suggest a mechanism contributing to increased morbidity and mortality in CAD patients with Type D