Einstein-aether theory, violation of Lorentz invariance, and metric-affine gravity

We show that the Einstein-aether theory of Jacobson and Mattingly (J&M) can be understood in the framework of the metric-affine (gauge theory of) gravity (MAG). We achieve this by relating the aether vector field of J&M to certain post-Riemannian nonmetricity pieces contained in an independent linear connection of spacetime. Then, for the aether, a corresponding geometrical curvature-square Lagrangian with a massive piece can be formulated straightforwardly. We find an exact spherically symmetric solution of our model.Comment: Revtex4, 38 pages, 1 figur

The Einstein 3-form G_a and its equivalent 1-form L_a in Riemann-Cartan space

The definition of the Einstein 3-form G_a is motivated by means of the contracted 2nd Bianchi identity. This definition involves at first the complete curvature 2-form. The 1-form L_a is defined via G_a = L^b \wedge #(o_b \wedge o_a). Here # denotes the Hodge-star, o_a the coframe, and \wedge the exterior product. The L_a is equivalent to the Einstein 3-form and represents a certain contraction of the curvature 2-form. A variational formula of Salgado on quadratic invariants of the L_a 1-form is discussed, generalized, and put into proper perspective.Comment: LaTeX, 13 Pages. To appear in Gen. Rel. Gra

Steuerung von Hochschulen in den DACH-Ländern: Erste empirische Ergebnisse

Die Einführung des Neuen Steuerungsmodells stellt den öffentlichen Sektor und damit insbesondere die Hochschulen vor eine große Herausforderung. Ziel ist es, finanzielle Probleme und Ineffizienzen zu beheben. Unsere Studie beschäftigt sich mit der Fragestellung: Wie steuern sich Hochschulen und was sind die größten Treiber für den Erfolg in der Steuerung? Um diese Fragen zu beantworten, wurden als Grundgesamtheit alle staatlich anerkannten privaten und öffentlichen Hochschulen in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz (DACH-Region) befragt. Der vorliegende Auswertungsbericht fasst erste deskriptive Ergebnisse dieser Studie zusammen.:Inhaltsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis Abkürzungsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung und Problemstellung 2 Zielsetzung 2.1 Levers of Control von Simons (1995) 2.2 Objects of Control von Merchant und Van der Stede (2012) 3 Datenerhebung 3.1 Methode der Datenerhebung 3.2 Charakterisierung der Grundgesamtheit 3.3 Ablauf der Datenerhebung 3.4 Rücklauf 4 Empirische Ergebnisse zur Hochschulsteuerung 4.1 Hochschulleistung 4.2 Umfeld der Hochschule 4.3 Autonomie 4.4 Strategie der Hochschule 4.4.1 Strategie im Bereich Lehre 4.4.2 Strategie im Bereich Forschung 4.5 Steuerung von Maßnahmen und Aktivitäten 4.6 Verhaltensregeln der Hochschule 4.7 Wertesystem der Hochschule 4.8 Mitarbeiterführung 4.9 Einschätzung von Steuerungsmechanismen 4.10 Steuerungssystem der Hochschule 4.11 Controllinginstrumente 4.11.1 Planungs-, Berichts- und Steuerungsinstrumente 4.11.2 Qualitätsmanagementsysteme 4.11.3 Qualitätsinstrumente 4.11.4 Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnung Literaturverzeichni

The Cotton tensor in Riemannian spacetimes

Recently, the study of three-dimensional spaces is becoming of great interest. In these dimensions the Cotton tensor is prominent as the substitute for the Weyl tensor. It is conformally invariant and its vanishing is equivalent to conformal flatness. However, the Cotton tensor arises in the context of the Bianchi identities and is present in any dimension. We present a systematic derivation of the Cotton tensor. We perform its irreducible decomposition and determine its number of independent components for the first time. Subsequently, we exhibit its characteristic properties and perform a classification of the Cotton tensor in three dimensions. We investigate some solutions of Einstein's field equations in three dimensions and of the topologically massive gravity model of Deser, Jackiw, and Templeton. For each class examples are given. Finally we investigate the relation between the Cotton tensor and the energy-momentum in Einstein's theory and derive a conformally flat perfect fluid solution of Einstein's field equations in three dimensions.Comment: 27 pages, revtex

Rotating Black Holes in Metric-Affine Gravity

Within the framework of metric-affine gravity (MAG, metric and an independent linear connection constitute spacetime), we find, for a specific gravitational Lagrangian and by using {\it prolongation} techniques, a stationary axially symmetric exact solution of the vacuum field equations. This black hole solution embodies a Kerr-deSitter metric and the post-Riemannian structures of torsion and nonmetricity. The solution is characterized by mass, angular momentum, and shear charge, the latter of which is a measure for violating Lorentz invariance.Comment: 32 pages latex, 3 table

Quadratic Curvature Gravity with Second Order Trace and Massive Gravity Models in Three Dimensions

The quadratic curvature lagrangians having metric field equations with second order trace are constructed relative to an orthonormal coframe. In $n>4$ dimensions, pure quadratic curvature lagrangian having second order trace constructed contains three free parameters in the most general case. The fourth order field equations of some of these models, in arbitrary dimensions, are cast in a particular form using the Schouten tensor. As a consequence, the field equations for the New massive gravity theory are related to those of the Topologically massive gravity. In particular, the conditions under which the latter is "square root" of the former are presented.Comment: 24 pages, to appear in GR

Haemoglobin mass and running time trial performance after recombinant human erythropoietin administration in trained men

<p>Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) increases haemoglobin mass (Hbmass) and maximal oxygen uptake (v˙ O2 max).</p> <p>Purpose: This study defined the time course of changes in Hbmass, v˙ O2 max as well as running time trial performance following 4 weeks of rHuEpo administration to determine whether the laboratory observations would translate into actual improvements in running performance in the field.</p> <p>Methods: 19 trained men received rHuEpo injections of 50 IUNkg21 body mass every two days for 4 weeks. Hbmass was determined weekly using the optimized carbon monoxide rebreathing method until 4 weeks after administration. v˙ O2 max and 3,000 m time trial performance were measured pre, post administration and at the end of the study.</p> <p>Results: Relative to baseline, running performance significantly improved by ,6% after administration (10:3061:07 min:sec vs. 11:0861:15 min:sec, p,0.001) and remained significantly enhanced by ,3% 4 weeks after administration (10:4661:13 min:sec, p,0.001), while v˙ O2 max was also significantly increased post administration (60.765.8 mLNmin21Nkg21 vs. 56.066.2 mLNmin21Nkg21, p,0.001) and remained significantly increased 4 weeks after rHuEpo (58.065.6 mLNmin21Nkg21, p = 0.021). Hbmass was significantly increased at the end of administration compared to baseline (15.261.5 gNkg21 vs. 12.761.2 gNkg21, p,0.001). The rate of decrease in Hbmass toward baseline values post rHuEpo was similar to that of the increase during administration (20.53 gNkg21Nwk21, 95% confidence interval (CI) (20.68, 20.38) vs. 0.54 gNkg21Nwk21, CI (0.46, 0.63)) but Hbmass was still significantly elevated 4 weeks after administration compared to baseline (13.761.1 gNkg21, p<0.001).</p> <p>Conclusion: Running performance was improved following 4 weeks of rHuEpo and remained elevated 4 weeks after administration compared to baseline. These field performance effects coincided with rHuEpo-induced elevated v˙ O2 max and Hbmass.</p&gt