Horizontal oder vertikal? Zur Zukunft des Finanzausgleichs in Deutschland

Nach der Föderalismusreform II wird immer deutlicher, dass mit Blick auf das Auslaufen der gegenwärtigen Grundlagen des Finanzausgleichs zum 31.12.2019 eine Föderalismusreform notwendig wird. Ins Visier kommt dabei zwangsläufig auch der Länderfinanzausgleich und sein Umverteilungsvolumen. Eine bloße Reform des Länderfinanzausgleichs im engeren Sinne in einem ansonsten unveränderten Gesamtsystem würde jedoch wieder einmal zu kurz greifen und erneut lediglich eine Symptomtherapie bedeuten.This article focuses on the background of the beginning debate on the German fiscal federalism reform. After a short description of the current vertical and horizontal fiscal relationships in Germany, the paper discusses general aspects of the relationship between two levels of state government in a federal system. Apart from a microeconomics-based explanation of the current horizontal revenue sharing dispute, findings from institutional economics support the thesis that a pure vertical fiscal equalisation scheme in Germany is possible and useful from an economic perspective. Finally, basic elements of a fiscal equalisation system reform are presented

Development of macroscopic waveguide and waveguide components for optical systems Final report, 28 Jan. - 28 Nov. 1964

Macroscopic waveguide and waveguide components for optical systems - laser

Experimental Investigation of Nozzle/Plume Aerodynamics at Hypersonic Speeds

The work performed by D. W. Bogdanoff and J.-L. Cambier during the period of 1 Feb. - 31 Oct. 1992 is presented. The following topics are discussed: (1) improvement in the operation of the facility; (2) the wedge model; (3) calibration of the new test section; (4) combustor model; (5) hydrogen fuel system for combustor model; (6) three inch calibration/development tunnel; (7) shock tunnel unsteady flow; (8) pulse detonation wave engine; (9) DCAF flow simulation; (10) high temperature shock layer simulation; and (11) the one dimensional Godunov CFD code

Länderfinanzausgleich 2005: Kritische Bewertung des 'Prämienmodells'

Die im Jahr 2001 beschlossene Reform des Länderfinanzausgleichs, die auf Druck des Bundesverfassungsgerichts zustande kam, sollte zu einer Konkretisierung von Verfassungsmaßstäben und zu einer Erhöhung der Anreize für einzelne Länder beitragen. Sind die Anreize über Eigenbehalte bei Mehr- und Mindereinnahmen eines Landes gegenüber den länderdurchschnittlichen Einnahmen entsprechend dem so genannten „Prämienmodell“ im Finanzausgleichsgesetz ausreichend? Ist die Konzeption des Prämienmodells überhaupt sachgerecht? --

Development and application of structural dynamics analysis capabilities

Extensive research activities were performed in the area of multidisciplinary modeling and simulation of aerospace vehicles that are relevant to NASA Dryden Flight Research Facility. The efforts involved theoretical development, computer coding, and debugging of the STARS code. New solution procedures were developed in such areas as structures, CFD, and graphics, among others. Furthermore, systems-oriented codes were developed for rendering the code truly multidisciplinary and rather automated in nature. Also, work was performed in pre- and post-processing of engineering analysis data

Detailed analysis of radiation data from the Gemini 4 and Gemini 7 proton-electron spectrometer experiments Final report, 13 Jun. 1967 - 30 Dec. 1968

Detailed analysis of radiation data from Gemini 4 and 7 proton-electron spectrometer experiment

Solar wind data from the MIT plasma experiments on Pioneer 6 and Pioneer 7

Hourly averages are presented of solar wind proton parameters obtained from experiments on the Pioneer 6 and Pioneer 7 spacecraft during the period December 16, 1965 to August 1971. The number of data points available on a given day depends upon the spacecraft-earth distance, the telemetry bit rate, and the ground tracking time allotted to each spacecraft. Thus, the data obtained earlier in the life of each spacecraft are more complete. The solar wind parameters are given in the form of plots and listings. Trajectory information is also given along with a detailed description of the analysis procedures used to extract plasma parameters from the measured data

Oxidative Addition of Water, Alcohols, and Amines in Palladium Catalysis

The homolytic cleavage of O−H and N−H or weak C−H bonds is a key elementary step in redox catalysis, but is thought to be unfeasible for palladium. In stark contrast, reported here is the room temperature and reversible oxidative addition of water, isopropanol, hexafluoroisopropanol, phenol, and aniline to a palladium(0) complex with a cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) and a labile pyridino ligand, as is also the case in popular N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) palladium(II) precatalysts. The oxidative addition of protic solvents or adventitious water switches the chemoselectivity in catalysis with alkynes through activation of the terminal C−H bond. Most salient, the homolytic activation of alcohols and amines allows atom‐efficient, additive‐free cross‐coupling and transfer hydrogenation under mild reaction conditions with usually unreactive, yet desirable reagents, including esters and bis(pinacolato)diboron

Carbamoyl Derivatives of a Pyridine-Based Tetraamine

The reaction of four equivalents of phenyl or tert-butyl isocyanate with the pyridine-derived tetraamine 2,6-C3H3N[CMe(CH2NH2)2]2 in toluene gives high yields of the quadruply ureido substituted products 2,6-C5H3N[CMe(CH2R)2]2 [R = -NH(CO)NHPh and -NH(CO)NHtBu]. Full spectroscopic data for both compounds are given. A single crystal X-ray structure determination of the phenyl derivative reveals an intricate network of both intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds involving the C=O and both NH functionalities in all ureido groups.DFG, SPP 1118, Sekundäre Wechselwirkungen als Steuerungsprinzip zur gerichteten Funktionalisierung reaktionsträger Substrat