36 research outputs found
Scaling of the B and D meson spectrum in lattice QCD
We give results for the and the meson spectrum using NRQCD on the
lattice in the quenched approximation. The masses of radially and orbitally
excited states are calculated as well as -wave hyperfine and -wave fine
structure. Radially excited -states are observed for the first time. Radial
and orbital excitation energies match well to experiment, as does the
strange-non-strange -wave splitting. We compare the light and heavy quark
mass dependence of various splittings to experiment. Our -results cover a
range in lattice spacings of more than a factor of two. Our -results are
from a single lattice spacing and we compare them to numbers in the literature
from finer lattices using other methods. We see no significant dependence of
physical results on the lattice spacing.
PACS: 11.15.Ha 12.38.Gc 14.40.Lb 14.40.NdComment: 78 pages, 29 tables, 30 figures Revised version. Minor corrections to
spelling and wordin
Haematological and biochemical profile of uncomplicated pregnancy in nulliparous women; a longitudinal study
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22138___.PDF (publisher's version ) (Open Access
Dietary sodium restriction in the prophylaxis of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy : effects on the intake of other nutrients
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21802___.PDF (publisher's version ) (Open Access
Variation in gait parameters used for objective lameness assessment in sound horses at the trot on the straight line and the lunge
Background Objective lameness assessment is gaining more importance in a clinical setting, necessitating availability of reference values. Objectives To investigate the between âpath, âtrial and âday variation, between and within horses, in the locomotion symmetry of horses in regular use that are perceived sound. Study design Observational study with replicated measurement sessions. Methods Twelve ownerâsound horses were trotted on the straight line and on the lunge. Kinematic data were collected from these horses using 3D optical motion capture. Examinations were repeated on 12 occasions over the study which lasted 42 days in total. For each horse, measurements were grouped as five replicates on the first and second measurement days and two replicates on the third measurement day. Between measurement days 2 and 3, every horse had a break from examination of at least 28 days. Previously described symmetry parameters were calculated: RUD and RDD (Range Up/Down Difference; difference in upward/downward movement between right and left halves of a stride); MinDiff and MaxDiff (difference between the two minima/maxima of the movement); HHDswing and HHDstance (Hip Hike Differenceâswing/âstance; difference between the upward movement of the tuber coxae during swingphase/ stancephase). Data are described by the betweenâmeasurement variation for each parameter. A linear mixed model was used to test for the effect of time, surface and path. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to access repeatability. Results Mean betweenâmeasurement variation was (MinDiff, MaxDiff, RUD, RDD): 13, 12, 20, 16 mm (head); 4, 3, 6, 4 mm (withers) and 5, 4, 6, 6 mm (pelvis); (HHDswing, HHDstance): 7 and 7 mm. More betweenâmeasurement variation is seen on the first measurement day compared to the second and third measurement days. In general, less variation is seen with increasing number of repetitions. Less betweenâmeasurement variation is seen on hard surface compared to soft surface. More betweenâmeasurement variation is seen on the circle compared to the straight line. Betweenâhorse variation was clearly larger than withinâhorse variation. ICC values for the head, withers and pelvis symmetry parameters were 0.68 (head), 0.76 (withers), 0.85 (pelvis). Main limitations Lunge measurements on a hard surface were not performed. Conclusions Betweenâmeasurement variation may be substantial, especially in head motion. This should be considered when interpreting clinical data after repeated measurements, as in routine lameness assessments
Variation in gait parameters used for objective lameness assessment in sound horses at the trot on the straight line and the lunge
Background Objective lameness assessment is gaining more importance in a clinical setting, necessitating availability of reference values. Objectives To investigate the between âpath, âtrial and âday variation, between and within horses, in the locomotion symmetry of horses in regular use that are perceived sound. Study design Observational study with replicated measurement sessions. Methods Twelve ownerâsound horses were trotted on the straight line and on the lunge. Kinematic data were collected from these horses using 3D optical motion capture. Examinations were repeated on 12 occasions over the study which lasted 42 days in total. For each horse, measurements were grouped as five replicates on the first and second measurement days and two replicates on the third measurement day. Between measurement days 2 and 3, every horse had a break from examination of at least 28 days. Previously described symmetry parameters were calculated: RUD and RDD (Range Up/Down Difference; difference in upward/downward movement between right and left halves of a stride); MinDiff and MaxDiff (difference between the two minima/maxima of the movement); HHDswing and HHDstance (Hip Hike Differenceâswing/âstance; difference between the upward movement of the tuber coxae during swingphase/ stancephase). Data are described by the betweenâmeasurement variation for each parameter. A linear mixed model was used to test for the effect of time, surface and path. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to access repeatability. Results Mean betweenâmeasurement variation was (MinDiff, MaxDiff, RUD, RDD): 13, 12, 20, 16 mm (head); 4, 3, 6, 4 mm (withers) and 5, 4, 6, 6 mm (pelvis); (HHDswing, HHDstance): 7 and 7 mm. More betweenâmeasurement variation is seen on the first measurement day compared to the second and third measurement days. In general, less variation is seen with increasing number of repetitions. Less betweenâmeasurement variation is seen on hard surface compared to soft surface. More betweenâmeasurement variation is seen on the circle compared to the straight line. Betweenâhorse variation was clearly larger than withinâhorse variation. ICC values for the head, withers and pelvis symmetry parameters were 0.68 (head), 0.76 (withers), 0.85 (pelvis). Main limitations Lunge measurements on a hard surface were not performed. Conclusions Betweenâmeasurement variation may be substantial, especially in head motion. This should be considered when interpreting clinical data after repeated measurements, as in routine lameness assessments