Signature extension for sun angle, volume 1

The author has identified the following significant results. Within a restricted zenith sun angle range of 35 - 50 degrees, it was empirically observed that canopy reflectance is mainly Lambertian. Reflectance changes with crop stage were simple shifts in scale in the sun angle range. It was noted that sun angle variations depend on canopy characteristics. Effects of the vegetative canopy were most pronounced at the larger solar zenith angles (20 %). The linear sun angle correction coefficients demonstrate a dependency on both crop stage (15-20 %) and crop type (10-20 %). The use of canopy reflectance modeling allowed for the generation of a simulated data set over an extremely broad envelope of sun angles

Signature extension for sun angle, volume 2

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Excitation of Single Quasiparticles in a Small Superconducting Al Island Connected to Normal-Metal Leads by Tunnel Junctions

We investigate the dynamics of individual quasiparticle excitations on a small superconducting aluminum island connected to normal metallic leads by tunnel junctions. We find the island to be free of excitations within the measurement resolution. This allows us to show that the residual heating, which typically limits experiments on superconductors, has an ultralow value of less than 0.1 aW. By injecting electrons with a periodic gate voltage, we probe electron-phonon interaction and relaxation down to a single quasiparticle excitation pair, with a measured recombination rate of 16 kHz. Our experiment yields a strong test of BCS theory in aluminum as the results are consistent with it without free parameters.Peer reviewe

Sichtsystemgestützte Fahrerassistenz im innerstädtischen Straßenverkehr

Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der prototypischen Realisierung eines Teils eines aktiven sichtsystemgestützten Fahrerassistenzsystems. Ausgehend von einem generischen Modell für innerstädtische Straßen und Kreuzungen wird mit Hilfe einer digitalen Straßenkarte ein konkretes Modell für die Fahrzeugumgebung spezialisiert. Für die Entwicklung und Erprobung der weiteren Auswertung wurde ein handelsüblicher PKW mit Sensoren, Aktuatoren und Rechnern ausgestattet. Aus Grauwertbildern, die mit im Fahrzeug angebrachten Kameras aufgenommen wurden, werden Kantenelemente gewonnen. Durch eine Anpassung der Projektion des Modells an diese Kantenelemente kann das Modell ausgeprägt werden. Die mit dem Bildeinzug schritthaltend fortlaufende Anpassung und die Einbeziehung der Messungen von GPS- und Odometriesensoren ermöglichen die Schätzung von Position und Bewegung des Fahrzeugs. Die Rückkopplung dieser Größen auf Quer- und Längsregelkreise gestatten es dem System, den Fahrer bei der Durchführung von Fahrmanövern im innerstädtischen Straßenverkehr zu unterstützen

Real-time tracking of intersections in image sequences of a moving camera

The tracking of inner-city intersections under realistic conditions, i.e. dense traffic, increases the number of artefacts, like occluded or distorted objects, compared to the tracking of free country roads or highways. This requires the best possible evaluation of all visible parts of the intersection, as well as of all available sensor data, and the use of as much information as possible about the geometry and relative motion in the intersection with respect to our experimental vehicle. Although occlusion of parts of an intersection by other vehicles has not yet been taken into account, the approach described here proves to be sufficiently reliable to track inner-city intersection models in real time

Radial basis function modeling of hourly streamflow hydrograph

An artificial neural network is well known as a flexible mathematical tool that has the ability to generalize patterns in imprecise or noisy and ambiguous input and output data sets. The radial basis function (RBF) method is applied to model the relationship between rainfall and runoff for Sungai Bekok Catchment (Johor, Malaysia) and Sungai Ketil catchment (Kedah, Malaysia). The RBF is used to predict the streamflow hydrograph based on storm events. Evaluation on the performance of RBF is demonstrated based on errors (between predicted and actual) and comparison with the results of the Hydrologic Engineering Center hydrologic modeling system model. It is obvious that the RBF method offers an accurate modeling of streamflow hydrograph