84 research outputs found
Groundwater reinjection and heat dissipation: lessons from the operation of a large groundwater cooling system in Central London
Efficacy and Safety of Intravitreal Gene Therapy for Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Treated within 6 Months of Disease Onset
Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of a single intravitreal injection of rAAV2/2-ND4 in subjects with visual loss from Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). Design: RESCUE is a multicenter, randomized, double-masked, sham-controlled, phase 3 clinical trial. Participants: Subjects with the m.11778G>A mitochondrial DNA mutation and vision loss â€6 months from onset in 1 or both eyes were included. Methods: Each subject's right eye was randomly assigned (1:1) to treatment with rAAV2/2-ND4 (single injection of 9 Ă 1010 viral genomes in 90 ÎŒl) or to sham injection. The left eye received the treatment not allocated to the right eye. Main Outcome Measures: The primary end point was the difference of the change from baseline in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between rAAV2/2-ND4âtreated and sham-treated eyes at week 48. Other outcome measures included contrast sensitivity, Humphrey visual field perimetry, retinal anatomic measures, and quality of life. Follow-up extended to week 96. Results: Efficacy analysis included 38 subjects. Mean age was 36.8 years, and 82% were male. Mean duration of vision loss at time of treatment was 3.6 months and 3.9 months in the rAAV2/2-ND4âtreated eyes and sham-treated eyes, respectively. Mean baseline logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) BCVA (standard deviation) was 1.31 (0.52) in rAAV2/2-ND4âtreated eyes and 1.26 (0.62) in sham-treated eyes, with a range from â0.20 to 2.51. At week 48, the difference of the change in BCVA from baseline between rAAV2/2-ND4âtreated and sham-treated eyes was â0.01 logMAR (P = 0.89); the primary end point of a â0.3 logMAR (15-letter) difference was not met. The mean BCVA for both groups deteriorated over the initial weeks, reaching the worst levels at week 24, followed by a plateau phase until week 48, and then an improvement of +10 and +9 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters equivalent from the plateau level in the rAAV2/2-ND4âtreated and sham-treated eyes, respectively. Conclusions: At 96 weeks after unilateral injection of rAAV2/2-ND4, LHON subjects carrying the m.11778G>A mutation treated within 6 months after vision loss achieved comparable visual outcomes in the injected and uninjected eyes
Predicting solar cell performance from terahertz and microwave spectroscopy
Mobilities and lifetimes of photogenerated charge carriers are core properties of photovoltaic materials and can both be characterized by contactless terahertz or microwave measurements. Here, the expertise from fifteen laboratories is combined to quantitatively model the current-voltage characteristics of a solar cell from such measurements. To this end, the impact of measurement conditions, alternate interpretations, and experimental inter-laboratory variations are discussed using a (Cs,FA,MA)Pb(I,Br)3 halide perovskite thin-film as a case study. At 1 sun equivalent excitation, neither transport nor recombination is significantly affected by exciton formation or trapping. Terahertz, microwave, and photoluminescence transients for the neat material yield consistent effective lifetimes implying a resistance-free JV-curve with a potential power conversion efficiency of 24.6 %. For grainsizes above â20 nm, intra-grain charge transport is characterized by terahertz sum mobilities of â32 cm2 Vâ1 sâ1. Drift-diffusion simulations indicate that these intra-grain mobilities can slightly reduce the fill factor of perovskite solar cells to 0.82, in accordance with the best-realized devices in the literature. Beyond perovskites, this work can guide a highly predictive characterization of any emerging semiconductor for photovoltaic or photoelectrochemical energy conversion. A best practice for the interpretation of terahertz and microwave measurements on photovoltaic materials is presented
Recommended from our members
DOE-NSF-NIH Workshop on Opportunities in THz Science, February 12-14, 2004
This is the report of the Workshop on Opportunities in THz Science, held on February 12-14, 2004 in Arlington, VA. This workshop brought together researchers who use or produce THz radiation for physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, and materials science to discuss new research opportunities and common resource needs. The charge from the sponsors of the workshop was to focus on basic science questions within these disciplines that have and can be answered using THz radiation
Decreased prevalence of asymptomatic choroidal metastasis in disseminated breast and lung cancer: argument against screening
Charge Carrier Dynamics and Mobility Determined by Time-Resolved Terahertz Spectroscopy on Films of Nano-to-Micrometer-Sized Colloidal Tin(II) Monosulfide
TinÂ(II)
monosulfide (SnS) is a semiconductor material with an intermediate
band gap, high absorption coefficient in the visible range, and earth
abundant, nontoxic constituent elements. For these reasons, SnS has
generated much interest for incorporation into optoelectronic devices,
but little is known concerning the charge carrier dynamics, especially
as measured by optical techniques. Here, as opposed to prior studies
of vapor deposited films, phase-pure colloidal SnS was synthesized
by solution chemistry in three size regimes, ranging from nanometer-
to micrometer-scale (SnS small nanoparticles, SnS medium 2D nanosheets, and SnS large
2D ÎŒm-sheets), and evaluated by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy
(TRTS); an optical, noncontact probe of the photoconductivity. Dropcast
films of the SnS colloids were studied by TRTS and compared to both
thermally annealed films and dispersed suspensions of the same colloids.
TRTS results revealed that the micrometer-scale SnS crystals and all
of the annealed films undergo decay mechanisms during the first 200
ps following photoexcitation at 800 nm assigned to hot carrier cooling
and carrier trapping. The charge carrier mobility of both the dropcast
and annealed samples depends strongly on the size of the constituent
colloids. The mobility of the SnS colloidal films, following the completion
of the initial decays, ranged from 0.14 cm<sup>2</sup>/V·s for
the smallest SnS crystals to 20.3 cm<sup>2</sup>/V·s for the
largest. Annealing the colloidal films resulted in a âŒ20% improvement
in mobility for the large SnS 2D ÎŒm-sheets and a âŒ5-fold
increase for the small nanoparticles and medium nanosheets
Reduced photoconductivity observed by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy in metal nanofilms with and without adhesion layers
Fallbericht einer unbeabsichtigten Injektion von Membrane Blue-Dual beim Peeling einer epiretinalen Membran
- âŠ