Consonant Correspondences Of Burmese, Rakhine And Marma With Initial Implications For Historical Relationships

This thesis provides a consonantal comparison of the Burmese, Rakhine and Marma languages of Myanmar and Bangladesh, with primary focus on initial and medial consonants. Its main purposes are to provide new data from the Rakhine and Marma languages of Bangladesh and to make some initial observations about the historical relationship between the three languages based on compiled consonant correspondences. Although much literature is available on the Burmese language as the primary representative of the Southern Burmish languages, little information is available on Rakhine and Marma. This thesis thus extends previous work on the family tree to these two close relatives. It compares new Rakhine and Marma wordlist data from Bangladesh to previously-collected Burmese and Rakhine data from Myanmar. It identifies cognate forms and regular sound correspondences, as well as exceptions, with reference to previously documented Burmese sound changes. Marma is more conservative than Burmese or Rakhine in retaining the pronunciation indicated by Written Burmese orthography; in some cases, this is a direct reflex of reconstructed Proto-Tibeto-Burman. Burmese and Rakhine share innovations that are not found in Marma. These may indicate that modern Burmese and Rakhine are a subgroup of the branch containing Marma, although some similarities of Rakhine and Burmese may instead be due to geographic and sociolinguistic factors, or borrowings from Burmese into Rakhine. The Rakhine variety of Bangladesh differs somewhat from the Rakhine of Myanmar, which bears a few more superficial similarities to Spoken Burmese

Emergence pattern of Amaranthus spp. and impact on growth and reproduction

Amaranthus species such as common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) and Palmer amaranth (A. palmeri) are troublesome annual weeds in cropping systems throughout the Midwest. Seedlings can emerge throughout the growing season impacting crop yields and produce prolific amounts of seed. Studies on the effect of tillage timing on emergence and emergence timing's influence on Amaranthus vegetative and reproductive potential were conducted to optimize management practices and minimize re-charging the soil seed bank. Natural emergence of waterhemp and Palmer amaranth was recorded over a two-year period from spring through fall. Germination was observed as soon as April 22 and as late as October 30 (252 day period). In another study in central (common waterhemp) and southeast (Palmer amaranth) MO, seedlings were established at five emergence timings from mid-May through mid-September in 2013 and 2014. Weekly through plant senescence, plant growth was recorded from six plants in each of five replications. By season's end, mean height of waterhemp and Palmer amaranth emerging in April was in excess of 2 m. Plants emerging in early spring produced up to 803,400 and 179,640 seeds for waterhemp and Palmer amaranth, respectively. As a percentage of overall plant weight, seed weight per plant increased from 12 to 28% and 7 to 12% for late April to late July 2014 emerging waterhemp and Palmer amaranth plants, respectively. Tetrazolium assays revealed seed viability ranged from 10 to 52% and 4 to 83% for waterhemp and Palmer amaranth plants, respectively. Following flowering initiation of waterhemp and Palmer amaranth, plants produced viable seeds in as little as six days. Growth and reproductive data suggest that crop producers should implement management systems for Amaranthus species for the majority of the growing season. Later emerging Amaranthus plants may be shorter and less competitive with crops compared to spring emerging plants. However, a greater proportion of plant dry weight is seeds; suggesting late season Amaranthus can add significantly to the soil seed bank

Z Generation is Here! Recommendations for Counselor Educators

Generation Z, individuals born between the mid-1990s and mid-2010s, are now enrolling in graduate counseling programs. This article addresses the generation’s unique characteristics, learning needs, and challenges and how they impact the development of counselor soft skills and dispositions. Implications for counselor educators and recommendations for future research are discussed

Towards an institutional PLE

PLEs in their broader sense (the ad-hoc, serendipitous and potentially chaotic set of tools that learners bring to their learning) are increasingly important for learners in the context of formal study. In this paper we outline the approach that we are taking at the University of Southampton in redesigning our teaching and learning infrastructure into an Institutional PLE. We do not see this term as an oxymoron. We define an Institutional PLE as an environment that provides a personalised interface to University data and services and at the same time exposes that data and services to a student’s personal tools. Our goal is to provide a digital platform that can cope with an evolving learning and teaching environment, as well as support the social and community aspects of the institution

Diabetes Prevention

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common medical complications of pregnancy. If not treated properly, medicine is recommended = A2GDM. Both are preventable

Assistive listening headsets for high noise environments: Protection and communication

© 2015 IEEE. In industrial noise environments, the use of assistive listening headsets is a means to provide adequate access to voice communication while wearing hearing protection. This paper presents a performance evaluation and comparison of two different methods to provide the binaural speech enhancement in real industrial noise scenarios. The investigated binaural methods based on differential beamforming and multichannel Wiener filter show different strengths and weaknesses. A transient noise suppression algorithm is also proposed and evaluated. Performance evaluation shows that this algorithm, together with the binaural multi-channel Wiener filter approach, can successfully reduce the hammering noise. This can be observed from the PESQ scores and the signal characteristics

Session 3: Digital Merrill

1:15 p.m. — Session 3: Digital Merrill Shannon Davis, digital library services manager, WU: The James Merrill Digital Archive: Process and Product Annelise Duerden, PhD candidate in English, WU — “Admit It Arguably A priori Admittedly I have failed”: Re-vision in the Merrill Archive Heidi Lim, PhD candidate in English, WU — To Tag or Not to Tag: The Digital Markup Process as a Form of Reading Timothy Materer, professor emeritus, University of Missouri — The Poem as a Netscap

A modern coastal ocean observing system using data from advanced satellite and in situ sensors – an example

Report of the Ocean Observation Research Coordination Network In-situ-Satellite Observation Working GroupThis report is intended to illustrate and provide recommendations for how ocean observing systems of the next decade could focus on coastal environments using combined satellite and in situ measurements. Until recently, space-based observations have had surface footprints typically spanning hundreds of meters to kilometers. These provide excellent synoptic views for a wide variety of ocean characteristics. In situ observations are instead generally point or linear measurements. The interrelation between space-based and in-situ observations can be challenging. Both are necessary and as sensors and platforms evolve during the next decade, the trend to facilitate interfacing space and in-situ observations must continue and be expanded. In this report, we use coastal observation and analyses to illustrate an observing system concept that combines in situ and satellite observing technologies with numerical models to quantify subseasonal time scale transport of freshwater and its constituents from terrestrial water storage bodies across and along continental shelves, as well as the impacts on some key biological/biogeochemical properties of coastal waters.Ocean Research Coordination Network and the National Science Foundatio

Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia Coli from Retail Poultry Meat with Different Antibiotic Use Claims

Background We sought to determine if the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli differed across retail poultry products and among major production categories, including organic, “raised without antibiotics”, and conventional. Results We collected all available brands of retail chicken and turkey—including conventional, “raised without antibiotic”, and organic products—every two weeks from January to December 2012. In total, E. coli was recovered from 91% of 546 turkey products tested and 88% of 1367 chicken products tested. The proportion of samples contaminated with E. coli was similar across all three production categories. Resistance prevalence varied by meat type and was highest among E. coli isolates from turkey for the majority of antibiotics tested. In general, production category had little effect on resistance prevalence among E. coli isolates from chicken, although resistance to gentamicin and multidrug resistance did vary. In contrast, resistance prevalence was significantly higher for 6 of the antibiotics tested—and multidrug resistance—among isolates from conventional turkey products when compared to those labelled organic or “raised without antibiotics”. E. coli isolates from chicken varied strongly in resistance prevalence among different brands within each production category. Conclusion The high prevalence of resistance among E. coli isolates from conventionally-raised turkey meat suggests greater antimicrobial use in conventional turkey production as compared to “raised without antibiotics” and organic systems. However, among E. coli from chicken meat, resistance prevalence was more strongly linked to brand than to production category, which could be caused by brand-level differences during production and/or processing, including variations in antimicrobial use