Distantiation, Post-Critique, and Realism. Reconsidering the Relation of Phenomenology and Hermeneutics in Ricœur

Recent developments in literary theory and philosophy, specifically regarding the role of critique, that inspire the turn to post-critique and realism, respectively, indicate a renewed sensitivity for concerns characteristic of hermeneutic phenomenology. This essay argues that crucial aspects of Ricœur’s articulation of phenomenology and hermeneutics may help to understand and support post-critique and realism and that, in turn, the latter two invite hermeneutics to return to its phenomenological condition. To this end, Ricœur’s understanding of the hermeneutical condition of phenomenology, both in the form of Husserl’s idealist phenomenology and the phenomenology of religion, is revisited; Ricœur’s account of distantiation is critically assessed; and, finally, the interplay of trust and distrust at stake in hermeneutic phenomenology is contrasted with the modern insistence on hyperbolic doubt.Les développements récents en matière de théorie littéraire et de philosophie, notamment concernant le rôle de la critique, qui suscitent respectivement le tournant vers la post-critique et vers le réalisme, témoignent d’une sensibilité renouvelée pour des préoccupations relevant de la phénoménologie herméneutique. Cet essai soutient que certains aspects fondamentaux de l’articulation de la phénoménologie et de l’herméneutique chez Ricœur permettent de comprendre et de défendre la post-critique et le réalisme et que, en retour, ces deux derniers appellent l’herméneutique à revenir à sa condition phénoménologique. Pour ce faire, la compréhension ricœurienne de la condition herméneutique de la phénoménologie, sous la forme de la phénoménologie idéaliste de Husserl et de la phénoménologie de la religion, sera soumise à un réexamen ; les considérations de Ricœur sur la distanciation feront l’objet d'une analyse critique et, enfin, l’interaction de la confiance et de la suspicion qui est en jeu dans la phénoménologie herméneutique sera mise en contraste avec l’insistance moderne sur le doute hyperbolique

Literature as Experiment: The Ontological Commitment of Fiction

In which sense can literature be conceived as an experiment? What type of experiment and experience does literature offer and what type or dimension of reality is at stake in literary investigations? What are the ontological stakes of literature in its construction of another world or a second nature? In this essay, I adress these questions in discussion with two authors who explicitly understand literature as experiment, namely Paul Ricoeur and Giorgio Agamben. To get a better sense of these ontological stakes of the experiment of literature, I will first turn to Ricoeur’s account . Subsequently, I will offer a critical discussion of how his concept of configuration, a central notion in his theory of narrative, actually limits the sense of the literary experiment and its ontological stakes. This discussion will address the relation between the concepts of potentiality, contingency, and event. Finally, I will turn to Agamben’s reading of Herman Melville’s famous story Bartleby, the Scrivener to offer a different sense of both the ontological stakes of the literary experiment and the relation between these three concepts

Witnessing, Truth, and Realism

Departing from the opening lines of Aristotle’s Metaphysics, this essay provides a hermeneutic phenomenological contribution to the recent turn to realism. In particular, it offers an account of the notions of truth and reality are thought in hermeneutic phenomenology by exploring the meaning of notions such as res, substance, and causa; it provides a contemporary reinterpretation of theōria that does not fall prey to either the modern version of the scientific-theoretical point of view or the onto-theological fallacies of metaphysics. By developing the model of witnessing as a guideline for a rethinking of theōria, this essay discusses, first, two realist critiques of hermeneutic phenomenology concerning correlationism and relativism; second, two ways of understanding the real and the true in hermeneutic phenomenology; and third, develops how language can be the locus of truth. In the course of these explorations, it is shown how truth, realism, theōria are understood in hermeneutic phenomenology

Echocardiography protocol for early detection of cardiac dysfunction in childhood cancer survivors in the multicenter DCCSS LATER 2 CARD study:Design, feasibility, and reproducibility

Background Cardiotoxicity is a well-known side effect after anthracyclines and chest radiotherapy in childhood cancer survivors (CCS). The DCCSS LATER 2 CARD (cardiology) study includes evaluation of echocardiographic measurements for early identification of CCS at highest risk of developing heart failure. This paper describes the design, feasibility, and reproducibility of the echocardiography protocol. Methods Echocardiograms from CCS and sibling controls were prospectively obtained at the participating centers and centrally analyzed. We describe the image acquisition, measurement protocol, and software-specific considerations for myocardial strain analyses. We report the feasibility of the primary outcomes of systolic and diastolic function, as well as reproducibility analyses in 30 subjects. Results We obtained 1,679 echocardiograms. Biplane ejection fraction (LVEF) measurement was feasible in 91% and 96% of CCS and siblings, respectively, global longitudinal strain (GLS) in 80% and 91%, global circumferential strain (GCS) in 86% and 89%, and >= 2 diastolic function parameters in 99% and 100%, right ventricle free wall strain (RVFWS) in 57% and 65%, and left atrial reservoir strain (LASr) in 72% and 79%. Intra-class correlation coefficients for inter-observer variability were 0.85 for LVEF, 0.76 for GLS, 0.70 for GCS, 0.89 for RVFWS and 0.89 for LASr. Intra-class correlation coefficients for intra-observer variability were 0.87 for LVEF, 0.82 for GLS, 0.82 for GCS, 0.85 for RVFWS and 0.79 for LASr. Conclusion The DCCSS LATER 2 CARD study includes a protocolized echocardiogram, with feasible and reproducible primary outcome measurements. This ensures high-quality outcome data for prevalence estimates and for reliable comparison of cardiac function parameters

Extensive Cardiac Function Analyses Using Contemporary Echocardiography in Childhood Cancer Survivors:A DCCSS LATER Study

Background: Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at risk for cardiotoxicity.Objectives: We sought to assess how cardiac dysfunction measurements in CCS overlap and are differentially influenced by risk factors.Methods: This cross-sectional Dutch Childhood Cancer Survivor Study evaluated echocardiograms of 1,397 ≥5-year CCS and 277 siblings. Of CCS, n = 1,254 received cardiotoxic (anthracyclines/mitoxantrone/radiotherapy involving the heart region [RTheart]) and n = 143 received potentially cardiotoxic (cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, or vincristine) therapy. We assessed demographic, treatment-related, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors for cardiac dysfunction using multivariable logistic regression.Results: CCS were a median of 26.7 years after diagnosis; 49% were women. Abnormal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (defined as &lt;52% in men, &lt;54% in women) occurred most commonly in CCS treated with anthracyclines and RTheart combined (38%). Age/sex-specific abnormal global longitudinal strain (GLS) occurred most commonly in CCS treated with RTheart, either with (41%) or without (38%) anthracyclines. Of CCS with normal LVEF, 20.2% showed abnormal GLS. Diastolic dysfunction grade ≥II was rare. Abnormal LVEF was mainly associated with female sex, anthracycline dose, and only in women, RTheart dose. Abnormal GLS was associated with female sex, RTheart dose, diastolic blood pressure, and only in women, anthracycline dose. Cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, and vincristine were not associated with LVEF or GLS. Compared with siblings, CCS showed higher risk of abnormal LVEF (OR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.4-6.6) and GLS (OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.2-3.7), independent of (potentially) cardiotoxic treatment-related and cardiovascular risk factors.Conclusions: Abnormal LVEF and GLS constitute complementary measures of systolic dysfunction among long-term CCS. Their diagnostic value may differ according to cardiotoxic exposures. Also, CCS have residual, unexplained risk of cardiac dysfunction.</p

Diagnostic tools for early detection of cardiac dysfunction in childhood cancer survivors:Methodological aspects of the Dutch late effects after childhood cancer (LATER) cardiology study

Background: Cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction and heart failure are major problems in long-term childhood cancer survivors (CCS). We hypothesize that assessment of more sensitive echo- and electrocardiographic measurements, and/or biomarkers will allow for improved recognition of patients with cardiac dysfunction before heart failure develops, and may also identify patients at lower risk for heart failure. Objective: To describe the methodology of the Dutch LATER cardiology study (LATER CARD). Methods: The LATER CARD study is a cross-sectional study in long-term CCS treated with (potentially) cardiotoxic cancer therapies and sibling controls. We will evaluate 1) the prevalence and associated (treatment related) risk factors of subclinical cardiac dysfunction in CCS compared to sibling controls and 2) the diagnostic value of echocardiography including myocardial strain and diastolic function parameters, blood biomarkers for cardiomyocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress, cardiac remodeling and inflammation and ECG or combinations of them in the surveillance for cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction. From 2017 to 2020 we expect to include 1900 CCS and 500 siblings. Conclusions: The LATER CARD study will provide knowledge on different surveillance modalities for detection of cardiac dysfunction in long-term CCS at risk for heart failure. The results of the study will enable us to improve long-term follow-up surveillance guidelines for CCS at risk for heart failure

Diagnostic tools for early detection of cardiac dysfunction in childhood cancer survivors: Methodological aspects of the Dutch late effects after childhood cancer (LATER) cardiology study

Background: Cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction and heart failure are major problems in long-term childhood cancer survivors (CCS). We hypothesize that assessment of more sensitive echo- and electrocardiographic measurements, and/or biomarkers will allow for improved recognition of patients with cardiac dysfunction before heart failure develops, and may also identify patients at lower risk for heart failure. Objective: To describe the methodology of the Dutch LATER cardiology study (LATER CARD). Methods: The LATER CARD study is a cross-sectional study in long-term CCS treated with (potentially) cardiotoxic cancer therapies and sibling controls. We will evaluate 1) the prevalence and associated (treatment related) risk factors of subclinical cardiac dysfunction in CCS compared to sibling controls and 2) the diagnostic value of echocardiography including myocardial strain and diastolic function parameters, blood biomarkers for cardiomyocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress, cardiac remodeling and inflammation and ECG or combinations of them in the surveillance for cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction. From 2017 to 2020 we expect to include 1900 CCS and 500 siblings. Conclusions: The LATER CARD study will provide knowledge on different surveillance modalities for detection of cardiac dysfunction in long-term CCS at risk for heart

Diagnostic tools for early detection of cardiac dysfunction in childhood cancer survivors: Methodological aspects of the Dutch late effects after childhood cancer (LATER) cardiology study

Background: Cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction and heart failure are major problems in long-term childhood cancer survivors (CCS). We hypothesize that assessment of more sensitive echo- and electrocardiographic measurements, and/or biomarkers will allow for improved recognition of patients with cardiac dysfunction before heart failure develops, and may also identify patients at lower risk for heart failure. Objective: To describe the methodology of the Dutch LATER cardiology study (LATER CARD). Methods: The LATER CARD study is a cross-sectional study in long-term CCS treated with (potentially) cardiotoxic cancer therapies and sibling controls. We will evaluate 1) the prevalence and associated (treatment related) risk factors of subclinical cardiac dysfunction in CCS compared to sibling controls and 2) the diagnostic value of echocardiography including myocardial strain and diastolic function parameters, blood biomarkers for cardiomyocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress, cardiac remodeling and inflammation and ECG or combinations of them in the surveillance for cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction. From 2017 to 2020 we expect to include 1900 CCS and 500 siblings. Conclusions: The LATER CARD study will provide knowledge on different surveillance modalities for detection of cardiac dysfunction in long-term CCS at risk for heart failure. The results of the study will enable us to improve long-term follow-up surveillance guidelines for CCS at risk for heart failure

Exile, Use, and Form-of-Life: On the Conclusion of Agamben's Homo Sacer series

Contains fulltext : 207803.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)25 augustus 201