21 research outputs found
Overview of the EUSO-SPB2 Target of Opportunity program using the Cherenkov Telescope
During the Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon 2
(EUSO-SPB2) mission, we planned Target of Opportunity (ToO) operations to
follow up on possible sources of neutrinos. The
original plan before flight was to point the onboard Cherenkov Telescope (CT)
to catch the source's path on the sky just below Earth's horizon. By using the
Earth as a tau-neutrino to tau-lepton converter, the CT would then be able to
look for optical extensive air shower signals induced by tau-lepton decays in
the atmosphere. The CT had a field of view of vertical
horizontal. Possible neutrino source candidates include gamma ray
bursts, tidal disruption events and other bursting or flaring sources. In
addition, follow-ups of binary neutron star mergers would have been possible
after the start of the O4 observation run from LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA. The resulting
exposure is modeled using the NuSpaceSim framework in ToO mode. With the launch
of the EUSO-SPB2 payload on the 13th May 2023, this summarizes the ToO program
status and preliminary data, as available
Neutrino Target-of-Opportunity Sky Coverage and Scheduler for EUSO-SPB2
Very-high-energy neutrinos can be observed by detecting air shower signals.
Detection of transient target of opportunity (ToO) neutrino sources is part of
a broader multimessenger program. The Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a
Super Pressure Balloon 2 (EUSO-SPB2) Mission, launched on May 12, 2023, was
equipped with an optical Cherenkov Telescope (CT) designed to detect up-going
air showers sourced by Earth-skimming neutrinos that interact near the Earth's
limb. Presented here is an overview of the sky coverage and ToO scheduler
software for EUSO-SPB2. By using the balloon trajectory coordinates and setting
constraints on the positions of the Sun and Moon to ensure dark skies, we can
determine if and when a source direction is slightly below the Earth's limb.
From a source catalog, CT scheduling and pointing is performed to optimize the
search for high-energy neutrinos coming from astrophysical sources. Some sample
results for EUSO-SPB2 are shown.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, ICRC2023 Conference Proceeding
Neutrino propagation in the Earth and emerging charged leptons with
Ultra-high-energy neutrinos serve as messengers of some of the highest energy
astrophysical environments. Given that neutrinos are neutral and only interact
via weak interactions, neutrinos can emerge from sources, traverse astronomical
distances, and point back to their origins. Their weak interactions require
large target volumes for neutrino detection. Using the Earth as a neutrino
converter, terrestrial, sub-orbital, and satellite-based instruments are able
to detect signals of neutrino-induced extensive air showers. In this paper, we
describe the software code that simulates tau neutrino and
muon neutrino interactions in the Earth and predicts the spectrum of the
-lepton and muons that emerge. The outputs are lookup
tables of charged lepton exit probabilities and energies that can be used
directly or as inputs to the code designed to simulate
optical and radio signals from extensive air showers induced by the emerging
charged leptons. We describe the inputs to the code, demonstrate its
flexibility and show selected results for -lepton and muon exit
probabilities and energy distributions. The code is open
source, available on github.Comment: 42 pages, 21 figures, code available at
https://github.com/NuSpaceSim/nupypro
The Transcriptome of Compatible and Incompatible Interactions of Potato (Solanum tuberosum) with Phytophthora infestans Revealed by DeepSAGE Analysis
Late blight, caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, is the most important disease of potato (Solanum tuberosum). Understanding the molecular basis of resistance and susceptibility to late blight is therefore highly relevant for developing resistant cultivars, either by marker-assissted selection or by transgenic approaches. Specific P. infestans races having the Avr1 effector gene trigger a hypersensitive resistance response in potato plants carrying the R1 resistance gene (incompatible interaction) and cause disease in plants lacking R1 (compatible interaction). The transcriptomes of the compatible and incompatible interaction were captured by DeepSAGE analysis of 44 biological samples comprising five genotypes, differing only by the presence or absence of the R1 transgene, three infection time points and three biological replicates. 30.859 unique 21 base pair sequence tags were obtained, one third of which did not match any known potato transcript sequence. Two third of the tags were expressed at low frequency (<10 tag counts/million). 20.470 unitags matched to approximately twelve thousand potato transcribed genes. Tag frequencies were compared between compatible and incompatible interactions over the infection time course and between compatible and incompatible genotypes. Transcriptional changes were more numerous in compatible than in incompatible interactions. In contrast to incompatible interactions, transcriptional changes in the compatible interaction were observed predominantly for multigene families encoding defense response genes and genes functional in photosynthesis and CO2 fixation. Numerous transcriptional differences were also observed between near isogenic genotypes prior to infection with P. infestans. Our DeepSAGE transcriptome analysis uncovered novel candidate genes for plant host pathogen interactions, examples of which are discussed with respect to possible function
iKNOW - Entwicklung und Evaluation eines online-gestützten Beratungstools für BRCA1/2-Mutationsträgerinnen
iKNOW - Entwicklung und Evaluation eines online-gestützten Beratungstools für BRCA1/2-Mutationsträgerinnen
Neutrino Target-of-Opportunity Sky Coverage and Scheduler for EUSO-SPB2
International audienceVery-high-energy neutrinos can be observed by detecting air shower signals. Detection of transienttarget of opportunity (ToO) neutrino sources is part of a broader multimessenger program. TheExtreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon 2 (EUSO-SPB2) Mission,launched on May 12, 2023, was equipped with an optical Cherenkov Telescope (CT) designed todetect up-going air showers sourced by Earth-skimming neutrinos that interact near the Earth’slimb. Presented here is an overview of the sky coverage and ToO scheduler software for EUSO-SPB2. By using the balloon trajectory coordinates and setting constraints on the positions of theSun and Moon to ensure dark skies, we can determine if and when a source direction is slightlybelow the Earth’s limb. From a source catalog, CT scheduling and pointing is performed tooptimize the search for high energy neutrinos coming from astrophysical sources. Using historicalsuper pressure balloon trajectories and the EUSO-SPB2 trajectory, sample schedules are described
The Targets of Opportunity Source Catalog for the EUSO-SPB2 Mission
International audienceThe Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon 2 (EUSO-SPB2) mission was designed to take optical measurements of extensive air showers (EASs) from suborbital space. The EUSO-SPB2 payload includes an optical Cherenkov Telescope (CT), which searches above and below the Earth’s limb. Above the limb, the CT measures Cherenkov light from PeV-scale EASs induced by cosmic rays. Below the limb, the CT searches for upwards-going Cherenkov emission from PeV-scale EASs induced by tau neutrinos, to follow up on astrophysical Targets of Opportunity (ToO). ​​Target candidates include gamma-ray bursts, tidal disruption events, and - after the start of the O4 observation run from Ligo-Virgo-Kagra - binary neutron star mergers. Reported here is the selection and prioritization of relevant ToOs from alert networks such as the General Coordinates Network, Transient Name Server, and Astronomer Telegrams, and the translation to a viewing schedule for EUSO-SPB2. EUSO-SPB2 launched on a NASA super pressure balloon in May of 2023 from Wanaka, NZ