1,535 research outputs found
The propensity to patent with vertically differentiated products: An empirical investigation
This paper empirically investigates a firm's propensity to patent. It thereby builds on a theoretical model on a firms' patenting decision in a market with vertically differentiated products. We deduce and empirically test several hypotheses from the theoretical results regarding patenting and rival's market entry decision presented in Zaby (2009). Our main finding is that in industries which are characterized by easy-to-use knowledge spillover, the technological lead of the inventor is reduced to such an extent that the propensity to patent increases. Furthermore, the intensity of patent protection has a delaying impact on rival's market entry. --patenting decision,secrecy,disclosure requirement,patent height,vertical product differentiation
The propensity to patent with horizontally differentiated products: An empirical investigation
In this paper we empirically investigate the theoretical results obtained in Zaby (2009). From the theoretical model, which introduces the decision to patent into a setting with horizontally differentiated products we deduce several hypotheses and test these empirically. We find that the propensity to patent increases when market entry costs decrease. Furthermore, if the disclosure requirement linked to a patent has an impact, the propensity to patent decreases with the strength of the disclosure effect. --patenting decision,secrecy,disclosure requirement,market entry,horizontal product differentiation
The Louisville Urban Center: an Experiment in Facilitation
How does a community-involved educational organization actually get its program moving? What does it take to close the gap between school and university? An educator with experience in both areas concerns himself with old problems in new ways, using the Urban Education Center in Louisville, Kentucky, as an example
Neutrino Nucleosynthesis of radioactive nuclei in supernovae
We study the neutrino-induced production of nuclides in explosive supernova
nucleosynthesis for progenitor stars with solar metallicity and initial main
sequence masses between 15 M and 40 M. We improve previous
investigations i) by using a global set of partial differential cross sections
for neutrino-induced charged- and neutral-current reactions on nuclei with
charge numbers and ii) by considering modern supernova neutrino
spectra which have substantially lower average energies compared to those
previously adopted in neutrino nucleosynthesis studies. We confirm the
production of Li, B, La, and Ta by neutrino
nucleosynthesis, albeit at slightly smaller abundances due to the changed
neutrino spectra. We find that for stars with a mass smaller than 20 M,
F is produced mainly by explosive nucleosynthesis while for higher mass
stars it is produced by the process. We also find that neutrino-induced
reactions, either directly or indirectly by providing an enhanced abundance of
light particles, noticeably contribute to the production of the radioactive
nuclides Na and Al. Both nuclei are prime candidates for
gamma-ray astronomy. Other prime targets, Ti and Fe, however, are
insignificantly produced by neutrino-induced reactions. We also find a large
increase in the production of the long-lived nuclei Nb and Tc due
to charged-current neutrino capture.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, 2 table
Losing the Lead? An Empirical Investigation of the Decision to Patent
This paper presents a theoretical model on firms' patenting decision in vertically differentiated markets. The model's prediction regarding patenting and rival's market entry decision are then tested empirically. We find that in industries which are characterized by easy-to-use knowledge spillovers the technological lead of the inventor is reduced to such an extent that the propensity to patent increases. Furthermore, the intensity of patent protection has a delaying impact on rival's market entry
Giving away the game? The impact of the disclosure effect on the patenting decision
This article explores the propensity to patent in the light of the disclosure effect. Unlike earlier approaches concerned with the patenting decision, we take into account that a disclosure effect may decrease the merits of patenting by facilitating inventing around the patent for competitors. In our theoretical model, we find that the disclosure effect - contingent on the competitive environment of the inventor - possibly has substantial negative effects on the propensity to patent. An empirical investigation of the theoretical results finds support for the proposed effects
Another brick in the wall? Technology leaders, patents, and the threat of market entry
Technology leaders protecting a technological headstart with a patent are provided with a powerful legal measure to restrict market entry. We analyze the impact of knowledge spillover on the decision to patent and the effect of varying patent breadth on the threat of market entry. An empirical test of our theoretical results suggests that (i) a large technological lead is protected by a patent only in industries with high knowledge spillover, and that (ii) patent breadth can mitigate the market entry threat
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