Ethyl 2-[(2,6-dimethyl­phen­yl)hydrazono]-3-oxobutanoate

The title compound, C14H18N2O3, crystallizes with two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit, having closely comparable geometries. Both mol­ecules are essentially planar [maximum deviations from the mean plane of 0.069 (1) and 0.068 (1) Å for the two mol­ecules] and contain an intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond which generates a ring with graph-set motif S(6). In the crystal, the mol­ecules are linked into chains along the c axis by inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, and inter­molecular C—H⋯π inter­actions are also present

(Z)-1-(2,5-Dichloro-3-thien­yl)ethanone semicarbazone

The title mol­ecule, C7H7Cl2N3OS, is approximately planar [maximum deviation = 0.062 (1) Å]. Short inter­molecular distances between the centroids of the five-membered rings [3.5340 (8) Å] indicate the existence of π–π inter­actions. An inter­esting feature of the crystal structure is the presence of short intra­molecular Cl⋯N inter­actions [3.0015 (11) Å]. Mol­ecules are linked via pairs of inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating R 2 2(8) ring motifs. Furthermore, N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds form R 2 1(7) ring motifs with C—H⋯O contacts, further consolidating the crystal structure. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by these inter­molecular inter­actions, forming chains along [001]

N-[(4-Amino-5-sulfanyl­idene-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)meth­yl]-4-methyl­benzamide

In the title compound, C11H13N5OS, the dihedral angle between the triazole ring and the benzene ring is 84.21 (7)°. The amino group adopts a pyramidal configuration. An intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond stabilizes the mol­ecular structure and generates an S(8) ring. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by inter­molecular N—H⋯O, N—H⋯S, N—H⋯N and C—H⋯S hydrogen bonds into layers lying parallel to the bc plane. The crystal structure is further stabilized by aromatic π–π stacking inter­actions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.3330 (7) Å]

New CPS-PPEES blend membranes for CaCI2 and NaCI rejection

Carboxylated polysulfone (CPS), poly (1,4-phenylene ether ethersulfone) (PPEES), membranes were prepared and used for the separation of NaCl and CaCl2, in efficient way with less energy consumption. In this work, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes were employed to the salt rejection behavior of the different salt solutions. The influence of applied pressure (1-12 bar), on the membrane performance was assessed. In CM series of membranes, CM1 showed maximum of 97% water uptake and 36% water swelling, whereas, CM4 showed 75% water uptake and 28% water swelling. In RCM series, RCM1 showed 85% water uptake and 32% water swelling whereas, in RCM4 it was 68% for water uptake and 20% for water swelling. Conclusively reverse osmosis membranes gave better rejection whereas nanofiltration membrane showed enhanced flux. CM1 showed 58% of rejection with 12 L/(m2 h) flux and RCM1 showed 55% of rejection with 15 L/(m2 h) flux for 0.1 wt.% NaCl solution. Whereas, in 0.1 wt.% CaCl2 solution, membrane CM1 showed 78% of rejection with 12 L/(m2 h) flux and RCM1 showed 63% rejection with flux of 9 L/(m2 h)