4,752 research outputs found
Differential metabolism of alprazolam by liver and brain cytochrome (P4503A) to pharmacologically active metabolite
Cytochrome P450 (P450) is a superfamily of enzymes which mediates metabolism of xenobiotics including drugs. Alprazolam, an anti-anxiety agent, is metabolized in rat and human liver by P4503A1 and P4503A4 respectively, to 4-hydroxy alprazolam (4-OHALP, pharmacologically less active) and α-hydroxy alprazolam (α-OHALP, pharmacologically more active). We examined P450 mediated metabolism of alprazolam by rat and human brain microsomes and observed that the relative amount of α-OHALP formed in brain was higher than liver. This biotransformation was mediated by a P450 isoform belonging to P4503A subfamily, which is constitutively expressed in neuronal cells in rat and human brain. The formation of larger amounts of α-OHALP in neurons points to local modulation of pharmacological activity in brain, at the site of action of the anti-anxiety drug. Since hydroxy metabolites of alprazolam are hydrophilic and not easily cleared through blood-CSF barrier, α-OHALP would potentially have a longer half-life in brain
The marks that humans’ leave are too often scars
Caesarean scar ectopics are the newest member of this obstetric emergency. Although rare, are associated with torrential haemorrhage. Gravida 3 para 2 with previous two caesarean sections with spotting per vaginum. Ultrasound showed a pregnancy embedded in the scar of previous caesarean section. MRI confirmed it. Beta human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) was 15000 which dropped to 5000 after. An innovative approach was taken to laparoscopically evacuate the pregnancy. The products of conception were removed and the incision sutured so as to achieve haemostasis. Beta HCG was 15000 which dropped to 5000. Patient was haemodynamically stable and discharged on day 3. An innovative approach with skilled surgical technique not only decreased the morbidity but also avoided an unnecessary hysterectomy
Nutrition Education Resources in North Carolina–Based Head Start Preschool Programs: Administrator and Teacher Perceptions of Availability and Use
Objective: The purpose of this study was to provide new insight into common barriers to the availability and use of nutrition education (NE) resources in Head Start preschool programs based on administrator and teacher perceptions.
Methods: In-depth, semistructured phone interviews (n = 63) were conducted with administrators (n = 31) and teachers (n = 32) from North Carolina–based Head Start programs. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed qualitatively using content analysis to identify common themes.
Results: Five emergent themes were identified within the areas of NE resource availability and use and barriers to NE resource availability and use. Participants expressed desire for greater organization of existing NE material resources, increased community support, and professional development opportunities for teachers specific to NE. Funding and time constraints were reported as affecting NE resources.
Conclusions and Implications: Creative strategies for addressing NE resource availability and use and barriers (e.g., NE integration with educational standards) in Head Start are needed
Comparison of Parent and Child Ratings of Fruit and Vegetable Liking to Assess Parent Accuracy as Proxy Reporters
This study examined the accuracy of parent-report child fruit/ vegetable (FV) liking. Child/parent dyads (n = 24) were recruited from six Head Start preschools in North Carolina. Liking for 10 FVs was assessed using a validated pictorial tool for children; a similar scale was used for parents. Negative relationships were observed between parent/child for one fruit (grapes) and one vegetable (broccoli). Positive relationships were observed among oranges, grapes, and overall fruit rankings. Parents tended to rank children’s liking of fruits higher than their children, while children ranked liking vegetables higher. Findings suggest parents may not be accurate respondents for preschool children’s FV liking
Comparison of Parent and Child Ratings of Fruit and Vegetable Liking to Assess Parent Accuracy as Proxy Reporters
This study examined the accuracy of parent-report child fruit/ vegetable (FV) liking. Child/parent dyads (n = 24) were recruited from six Head Start preschools in North Carolina. Liking for 10 FVs was assessed using a validated pictorial tool for children; a similar scale was used for parents. Negative relationships were observed between parent/child for one fruit (grapes) and one vegetable (broccoli). Positive relationships were observed among oranges, grapes, and overall fruit rankings. Parents tended to rank children’s liking of fruits higher than their children, while children ranked liking vegetables higher. Findings suggest parents may not be accurate respondents for preschool children’s FV liking
Thermo-mechanical damage accumulation during power cycling of lead-free surface mount solder joints
This is a conference paper [© IEEE]. It is also available from: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=4658784. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.It is well known that in surface mount technology
(SMT), thermal strains in electronic assemblies are
induced in the solder joints by the mismatch between the
coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of the
components, substrate and solder, both during their
processing and in service. Therefore, thermo-mechanical
damage is likely to occur in the solder and the principle
reliability hazard in SMT assemblies is the resulting
fatigue cracking of the solder fillet, caused by cyclic
thermal stresses. These stresses may be caused by both
cyclic variations in power dissipation within equipment
and by external environmental temperature changes. Most
work reported to date has focused on the effects of
environmental temperature changes, although for many
types of equipment power cycling may result in
significant stresses. The present paper describes the
experimental determination of the actual temperature
distribution in a chip resistor assembly when it is
powered. The paper also discusses the significance of
such experimentally determined non-uniform temperature
distributions in electronic assemblies to fatigue damage
accumulation due to both power cycling and to cyclic
variations in the ambient temperature whilst the chip
resistor is powered. This fatigue damage accumulation
study is carried out using finite element analysis
Eating Smart and Moving More for Head Start: A Pilot Study
Our study examined the relationship between improved personal health behaviors of Head Start teachers’ and the promotion of positive health behaviors in their classroom. Thirty-three Head Start teachers across 7 centers received six 30-minute nutrition education lessons. Dietary intake, physical activity, and self-efficacy for promoting positive health behaviors in the classroom were measured at baseline and post-intervention. Significant improvements were observed for dietary intake and physical activity. Self-efficacy for promoting health behaviors in the classroom did not significantly improve. Additional education is needed to improve health promotion practices. Lessons learned contributed to program refinement. Implications for Extension are discussed
Nutrient content and uptake by galangal (Kaempferia galanga L.) as influenced by agronomic practices as intercrop in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) garden
Field experiments conducted at Kasaragod, India, to study the influence of agronomic practices on galangal (Kaempferia galanga) grown as intercrop in coconut (Cocos nucifera) garden revealed that nutrient content did not differ significantly due to different types of planting material or plant population levels. Farm yard manure alone, vermicompost alone and farm yard manure and major nutrient combinations had higher nutrient contents. Nutrient uptake with mother rhizome treatment was significantly higher compared to finger rhizome. Population level of 5,00,000 plants per ha removed more nutrients. Farm yard manure alone, vermicompost application alone and farm yard manure and major nutrient combinations removed higher nutrients. Fresh rhizome yield was significanlty higher with mother rhizome and 5,00,000 population leveL Farm yard manure in combination with major nutrients recorded significantly higher fresh rhizome yield.
 
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