3,769 research outputs found
Generation of high concentration nanobubbles based on friction tubes
Nanobubble-related technologies have been confirmed to be useful in various
fields such as climate change and the environment as well as water-based
industries such as water purification, crops, horticulture, medical care, bio,
and sterilization. However, a method of mass production in real time enough to
apply nano-bubbles to the industry has not yet been developed. We explored the
mechanism of nano-bubble water generation by friction between water and walls
and developed a tube device applying the shape of the flow path to maximize the
friction in the fluid passing through the flow path. It also describes the case
of real-time and low-power mass production of nanobubbles and its technical
utility. We found that the friction of nanotubes alone can easily and quickly
improve the production of nanobubbles with small particle size in real time; by
increasing the shearing pressure while increasing the effective friction
constant value, the particle size of nanobubbles can be smaller while
increasing the particle concentration.Comment: 24 pages, 24 figures, 6 table
One-pot Enzymatic Synthesis of Deoxy-thymidine-diphosphate (TDP)-2-deoxy-ā-d-glucose Using Phosphomannomutase
Production of deoxy-thymidine-diphosphate (TDP)-sugars as substrates of glycosyltransferases, has been one of main hurdles for combinatorial antibiotic biosynthesis, which combines sugar moiety with aglycon of various antibiotics. Here, we report the one-pot enzymatic synthesis of TDP-2-deoxy-glucose employing high efficient TMP kinase (TMK; E.C. 2.7.2.12), acetate kinase (ACK; E.C. 2.7.1.21), and TDP-glucose synthase (TGS; E.C. 2.7.7.24) with phosphomannomutase (PMM; E.C. 5.4.2.8). In this study, replacing phosphoglucomutase (PGM; E.C. 5.4.2) by PMM from Escherichia coli gave four times higher specific activity on 2-deoxy-6-phosphate glucose, suggesting that the activity on 2-deoxy-glucose-6-phosphate was mainly affected by PMM activity, not PGM activity. Using an in vitro system starting from TMP and 2-deoxy-glucose-6-phosphate glucose, TDP-2-deoxy-glucose (63% yield) was successfully synthesized. Considering low productivity of NDP-sugars from cheap starting materials, this paper showed how production of NDP-sugars could be enhanced by controlling mutase activity
Recombinant mussel proximal thread matrix protein promotes osteoblast cell adhesion and proliferation
BACKGROUND: von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a key load bearing domain for mamalian cell adhesion by binding various macromolecular ligands in extracellular matrix such as, collagens, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans. Interestingly, vWF like domains are also commonly found in load bearing systems of marine organisms such as in underwater adhesive of mussel and sea star, and nacre of marine abalone, and play a critical load bearing function. Recently, Proximal Thread Matrix Protein1 (PTMP1) in mussel composed of two vWF type A like domains has characterized and it is known to bind both mussel collagens and mammalian collagens. RESULTS: Here, we cloned and mass produced a recombinant PTMP1 from E. coli system after switching all the minor codons to the major codons of E. coli. Recombinant PTMP1 has an ability to enhance mouse osteoblast cell adhesion, spreading, and cell proliferation. In addition, PTMP1 showed vWF-like properties as promoting collagen expression as well as binding to collagen type I, subsequently enhanced cell viability. Consequently, we found that recombinant PTMP1 acts as a vWF domain by mediating cell adhesion, spreading, proliferation, and formation of actin cytoskeleton. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that both mammalian cell adhesion and marine underwater adhesion exploits a strong vWF-collagen interaction for successful wet adhesion. In addition, vWF like domains containing proteins including PTMP1 have a great potential for tissue engineering and the development of biomedical adhesives as a component for extra-cellular matrix
Friction Tubes to Generate Nanobubble Ozone Water with an Increased Half-Life for Virucidal Activity
Nanobubbles and related technologies are expected to be highly utilized in
water resource-based industries such as water purification, crops,
horticulture, medicine, bio, and sterilization. Ozone, a chemical with high
sterilizing power, is known as a natural substance that is reduced to oxygen
and water after reacting with pollutants. Ozone water, which is generated by
dissolving ozone in water, has been used in various industrial sectors such as
medical care, food, and environment. Due to the unstable molecular state of
ozone, however, it is difficult to produce, use, and supply ozone at industrial
sites in a stable manner. This study proposed a method for constructing a
system that can generate high-concentration ozone water in large quantities
using low power in real time and maintaining the concentration of the generated
ozone water over the long term. Friction tubes (called 'nanotube') played a key
role to generate nanobubble ozone water with an increased half-life for virus
killing activity. In addition, the safety of ozone water during its spray into
the air was explained, and virucidal activity test cases for the influenza A
(H1N1/A/PR8) and COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) virus using high-concentration ozone
water as well as its technical efficacy were described
Systemic EBV+ T-cell lymphoma in elderly patients: comparison with children and young adult patients
Fulminant EpsteināBarr virus (EBV+) T-cell lymphoma in immunocompetent elderly patients is rare and its character has not been well defined. This study analyzed the clinicopathological features of five elderly patients (group A: 50ā84Ā years) and compared them with those of eight children and young adult patients with systemic T-cell lymphomas (group B: 10ā34Ā years). Group A more commonly presented with generalized lymphadenopathy (nā=ā3) than did group B (nā=ā1). Chronic active EBV infection (nā=ā3) and hydroa vacciniforme-like eruptions (nā=ā1) were seen in group B, while group A showed no evidence of chronic EBV infection, but did show chronic hepatitis B or C virus infections (nā=ā3). The histological and immunophenotypical findings were similar. All patients died within 1 to 14Ā months of diagnosis. These findings suggest that EBV+ T-cell lymphoma in elderly patients is a unique disease with an underlying derangement of T-cell immunity and failure to eradicate infected virus. Additional factors related to senility may play a role in the disruption of homeostasis between the virus and the hostās immune system
Ecologic correlation Study on Nutrients/Foods Intake and Mortal ity for Female Breast Cancer in Korea
In order to investigate the possible role of dieta-ry factors on the
recent increase in mortality for female breast cancer in Korea, an ecologic
correlation study between per capita intakes of nutrients and foods and the
mortality for female breast cancer during the last 10 years was conducted. In
spite of the possibility of an ecologic fallacy, the age-adjusted mortality rates for
female breast cancer were positively correlated with protein from animal source,
total lipid, total animal foods, animal foods to total intake, fresh fish and
shellfish, milk and milk products, and meat and meat products. The rates were
inversely associated with energy from cereal, total carbohydrate, vegetable foods
to total intake, total vegetable foods, daily intake of cereals and grain products,
and starch and starch roots. These results suggest that an increased intake of
protein- and fat-rich foods rather than carbohydrate-rich foods or vegetables
might be associated with the increase in mortality for breast cancer during the
last 10 years in Korea
Antimicrobial peptide from Bacillus subtilis CSB138: characterization, killing kinetics, and synergistic potency
We studied the prospect of synergy between the antimicrobial peptide p138c and non-peptide antibiotics for increasing the potency and bacterial killing kinetics of these agents. The production of p138c was maximized in the late exponential growth phase of Bacillus subtilis CSB138. Purification of p138c resulted in a total of 4800 arbitrary units (AU) with 19.15-fold and 3.2% recovery. Peptide p138c was thermo-tolerant up to 50 °C and stable at pH 5.8 to 11. The biochemical nature of p138c was determined by a bioassay, similar to tricine-SDS-PAGE, indicating inhibition at 3 kDa. The amino acid sequence of p138c was Gly-Leu-Glu-Glu-Thr-Val-Tyr-Ile-Tyr-Gly-Ala-Asn-Met-X-Ser. Potency and killing kinetics against vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus improved considerably when p138c was synergized with oxacillin, ampicillin, and penicillin G. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of p138c showed a 4-, 8-, and 16-fold improvement when p138c was combined with oxacillin, ampicillin, and penicillin G, respectively. The fractional inhibitory concentration index for the combination of p138c and oxacillin, ampicillin, and penicillin G was 0.3125, 0.25, and 0.09, respectively. Synergy with non-peptide antibiotics resulted in enhanced killing kinetics of p138c. Hence, the synergy between antimicrobial peptide and non-peptide antibiotics may enhance the potency and bacterial killing kinetics, providing more potent and rapidly acting agents for therapeutic use. [Int Microbiol 20(1):43-53 (2017)]Keywords: Bacillus subtilis · antimicrobial peptides · killing kinetic
- ā¦