The sunburn response in human skin is characterized by sequential eicosanoid profiles that may mediate its early and late phases.

yesSunburn is a commonly occurring acute inflammatory process, with dermal vasodilatation and leukocyte infiltration as central features. Ultraviolet (UV) B-induced hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids releases polyunsaturated fatty acids and their subsequent metabolism by cyclooxygenases (COX) and lipoxygenases (LOX) may produce potent eicosanoid mediators modulating different stages of the inflammation. Our objective was to identify candidate eicosanoids formed during the sunburn reaction in relation to its clinical and histological course. We exposed skin of healthy humans (n=32) to UVB and for 72h examined (i) expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory eicosanoids using LC/ESI-MS/MS and (ii) immunohistochemical expression of COX-2, 12-LOX, 15-LOX and leucocyte markers, while (iii) quantifying clinical erythema. We show that vasodilatory prostaglandins (PG)E2, PGF2¿ and PGE3 accompany the erythema in the first 24-48h, associated with increased COX-2 expression at 24h. Novel, potent leukocyte chemoattractants 11-, 12- and 8-monohydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (-HETE) are elevated from 4-72h, in association with peak dermal neutrophil influx at 24h, and increased dermal CD3+ lymphocytes and 12- and 15-LOX expression from 24-72h. Anti-inflammatory metabolite 15-HETE shows later expression, peaking at 72h. Sunburn is characterized by overlapping phases of increases in COX products followed by LOX products that may regulate subsequent events and ultimately its resolution.The Wellcome Trus

New species of Spathius Nees, 1818 and a key to the species of Europe and Canary Islands (Hym. Ichneumonoidea, Braconidae)

In 1943 Nixon revised the Spathiinae of the "Old World", but für Europe he met some difficulties because he could not see the types during the second world war. He tried to give a key to the European species and I think it will be the base for the taxonomical work with Spathius Nees, 1818 in Europe because some of the types has been lost during the war, specially species described by Ratzeburg (see Königsmann 1964). The keys given by Fahringer (1930-34), Marshall (1888-90) and Telenga (1941) are partly or quite unworkable. Fischer (1966) compiled a key and redescribed some species, but he writes that he is not satisfied. Below I have tried to compile a key. To my disposel I have had over 1.000 specimens —mostly reared— from many localities of Europe. To all entomologists who have given me specimens, I am much indebted.Peer reviewe

Studies in Pteromalidae in the US National Museum (Hymenoptera)

Volume: 124Start Page: 1End Page: 1

Notes on Cerocephalini, with descriptions of new genera and species (Hym., Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae)

Volume: 71Start Page: 449End Page: 46