Magnetic Field Morphology of Orion-IRc2 from 86 GHz SiO Maser Polarization Images

In an attempt to probe the magnetic field morphology near the massive young star Orion-IRc2, we mapped the linear polarization of its J=2-1 SiO masers, in both the v=0 and v=1 vibrational levels, with 0.5 arcsec resolution. The intense v=1 masers are confined to a narrow zone 40 AU from the star. Their polarization position angles vary significantly on time scales of years. For the v=1 masers the stimulated emission rate R is likely to exceed the Zeeman splitting g\Omega due to any plausible magnetic field; in this case the maser polarization need not correlate with the field direction. The much weaker v=0 masers in the ground vibrational level lie 100-700 AU from IRc2, in what appears to be a flared disk. Their fractional polarizations are as high as 50%. The polarization position angles vary little across the line profile or the emission region, and appear to be stable in time. The position angle, P.A. = 80 degrees, we measure for the J=2-1 masers differs by 70 degrees from that measured for the J=1-0 SiO transition, possibly because of Faraday rotation in the foreground, Orion A, HII region. A rotation measure RM = 3.3 \times 10^4 rad m$^{-2}$ is required to bring the J=2-1 and J=1-0 position angles into concordance. The intrinsic polarization position angle for both transitions is then 57 degrees, parallel to the plane of the putative disk. Probably the magnetic field threads the disk poloidally. There is little evidence for a pinched or twisted field near the star.Comment: accepted for publication in Ap

Propranolol in the treatment of infantile haemangiomas:lessons from the European Propranolol In the Treatment of Complicated Haemangiomas (PITCH) Taskforce survey

Oral propranolol is widely prescribed as first line treatment for infantile haemangiomas (IHs) and anecdotally prescribing practice differs widely between centres

A systematic review of outcome reporting in laser treatments for dermatological diseases

The standardization of outcome reporting is crucial for interpretation and comparison of studies related to laser treatment of skin disorders. In collaboration with the Cochrane Skin-Core Outcome Set Initiative (CS-COUSIN), a procedure has been proposed to find consensus on the most important generic outcome domains (what to measure) for implementation in the international Laser TrEAtment in Dermatology (LEAD) registry. As the first step in the development of a generic outcome set for the LEAD registry, we undertook a systematic review to identify outcomes, outcome measurement instruments, methods and definitions reported in recently published literature of laser treatments for skin disorders. A systematic search was conducted and generated a total of 707 papers. We assessed 150 studies including all types of studies involving laser treatments for the skin. Two researchers independently extracted the type, definition and frequency of all outcomes and used outcome measurement instruments. We identified 105 verbatim outcomes that were categorized into eight domains recommended by the COMET framework: appearance, long-term effects, physician and patient-reported physical signs, satisfaction, health-related quality of life, psychological functioning and adverse events. Heterogeneity in outcome reporting (e.g. categories and outcome measurement instruments) was high, and definitions were insufficiently reported. There was a clear under representation of life impact domains, including satisfaction (23%) quality of life (3%) and psychological functioning (1%). Outcome reporting concerning laser treatments for the skin is heterogeneous. Standardized outcomes are needed for improving evidence synthesis. Results of this review will be used in the next step to reach consensus between stakeholders on the outcome domains to be implemented in the LEAD registry

A systematic review of outcome reporting in laser treatments for dermatological diseases

The standardization of outcome reporting is crucial for interpretation and comparison of studies related to laser treatment of skin disorders. In collaboration with the Cochrane Skin-Core Outcome Set Initiative (CS-COUSIN), a procedure has been proposed to find consensus on the most important generic outcome domains (what to measure) for implementation in the international Laser TrEAtment in Dermatology (LEAD) registry. As the first step in the development of a generic outcome set for the LEAD registry, we undertook a systematic review to identify outcomes, outcome measurement instruments, methods and definitions reported in recently published literature of laser treatments for skin disorders. A systematic search was conducted and generated a total of 707 papers. We assessed 150 studies including all types of studies involving laser treatments for the skin. Two researchers independently extracted the type, definition and frequency of all outcomes and used outcome measurement instruments. We identified 105 verbatim outcomes that were categorized into eight domains recommended by the COMET framework: appearance, long-term effects, physician and patient-reported physical signs, satisfaction, health-related quality of life, psychological functioning and adverse events. Heterogeneity in outcome reporting (e.g. categories and outcome measurement instruments) was high, and definitions were insufficiently reported. There was a clear under representation of life impact domains, including satisfaction (23%) quality of life (3%) and psychological functioning (1%). Outcome reporting concerning laser treatments for the skin is heterogeneous. Standardized outcomes are needed for improving evidence synthesis. Results of this review will be used in the next step to reach consensus between stakeholders on the outcome domains to be implemented in the LEAD registry

Intense Pulsed Light (Polychromatic Non-laser Light)

Intense pulsed light is a nonselective, high-energy, noncoherent, and non-collimated light, with variable fluences and pulse duration with single, double, or triple pulses and extremely variable intervals between pulses. The numerous applications of intense pulsed light (superficial pigmented and vascular lesions, hair removal, etc.) may expose to various complications. The most common is hypopigmentation in darker skin types or on hyperpigmented skin