Avaliação de serviços em saúde mental no Brasil: revisão sistemática da literatura

ResumoA avaliação em saúde mental é um mecanismo capaz de produzir informações que contribuam positivamente para a tomada de decisão na área. Logo, é preciso apropriar-se das discussões existentes, refletindo sobre desafios e possibilidades na produção de conhecimento neste campo. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da produção científica brasileira sobre avaliação de serviços em saúde mental, identificando e discutindo métodos, perspectivas avaliativas e resultados. A busca de artigos ocorreu nas bases de dados IBECS, Lilacs e Scielo, com recorte temporal da publicação da lei 10.216. Foram encontrados 35 artigos por meio dos descritores e critérios de inclusão e exclusão utilizados. A produção da área concentrou-se nas regiões Sul e Sudeste, com diversos âmbitos e participantes, visando contribuir para o aprimoramento de serviços e decisões na área. Destacam-se os avanços no cuidado, com tratamento humanizado, participativo e comunitário, mas carecendo de maiores investimentos, qualificação profissional e melhorias organizacionais. Postula-se maior integração entre pesquisas, com as avaliações ultrapassando aspectos estruturais e a comparação com modelos hospitalocêntricos

Cerium oxide nanoparticles accelerate the decay of peroxynitrite (ONOO−)

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO(2) NPs) have been shown to possess a substantial oxygen storage capacity via the interchangeable surface reduction and oxidation of cerium atoms, cycling between the Ce(4+) and Ce(3+) redox states. It has been well established in many studies that depending on their reactivity and surface chemistry, CeO(2) NPs can effectively convert both reactive oxygen species (superoxide, O(2)(•−), and hydrogen peroxide) into more inert species and scavenge reactive nitrogen species (RNS)(nitric oxide, •NO), both in vitro and in vivo. Since much of damage attributed to •NO and O(2)(•−) is actually the result of oxidation or nitration by peroxynitrite or its breakdown products and due to the multiple species that these nanoparticles target in vivo, it was logical to test their interaction with the highly reactive molecule peroxynitrite (ONOO(−)). Here, we report that CeO(2) NPs significantly accelerated the decay of ONOO(−) by three independent methods. Additionally, our data suggest the ability of CeO(2) NPs to interact with ONOO(−) is independent of the Ce(3+)/Ce(4+) ratio on the surface of the CeO(2) NPs. The accelerated decay was not observed when reactions were carried out in an inert gas (argon), suggesting strongly that the decay of peroxynitrite is being accelerated due to a reaction of CeNPs with the carbonate radical anion. These results suggest that one of the protective effects of CeO(2) NPs during RNS is likely due to reduction in peroxynitrite or its reactive breakdown products

Uptake of CeO2 nanoparticles and its effect on growth of Medicago arborea in vitro plantlets

The present study analyzes some effects of nanoCeO2 particles on the growth of in vitro plantlets of Medicago arborea when the nanoceria was added to the culture medium. Various concentrations of nano-CeO2 and bulk ceric oxide particles in suspension form were introduced to the agar culture medium to compare the effects of nanoceria versus ceric oxide bulk material. Germination rate and shoot dry weight were not affected by the addition of ceric oxide to the culture media. Furthermore, no effects were observed on chlorophyll content (single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) measurements) due to the presence of either nano- or microCeO2 in the culture medium. When low concentrations of nanoceria were added to the medium, the number of trifoliate leaves and the root length increased but the root dry weight decreased. Also the values of maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) showed a significant decrease. Darkadapted minimum fluorescence (F0) significantly increased in the presence of 200 mg L−1 nanoceria and 400 mg L−1 bulk material. Root tissues were more sensitive to nanoceria than were the shoots at lower concentrations of nanoceria. A stress effect was observed on M. arborea plantlets due to cerium uptake