Measurements in the near-wall region of a relaxing three-dimensional low speed turbulent air boundary layer

An experimental investigation was conducted at selected locations of the near-wall region of a three dimensional turbulent air boundary layer relaxing in a nominally zero external pressure gradient behind a transverse hump (in the form of a 30 deg swept, 5-foot chord wing-type model) faired into the side wall of a low speed wind tunnel. Wall shear stresses measured with a flush-mounted hot-film gage and a sublayer fence were in very good agreement with experimental data obtained with two Preston probes. With the upstream unit Reynolds number held constant at 325,000/ft. approximately one-fourth of the boundary layer thickness adjacent to the wall was surveyed with a single rotated hot-wire probe mounted on a specially designed minimum interference traverse mechanism. The boundary layer (approximately 3.5 in thick near the first survey station where the length Reynolds number was 5.5 million) had a maximum crossflow velocity ratio of 0.145 and a maximum crossflow angle of 21.875 deg close to the wall

A three-dimensional turbulent boundary layer undergoing transverse strain and streamwise pressure gradient

Results from an experimental investigation designed to provide data on both mean and turbulence quantities in the axisymmetric, swirling boundary layer (with and without pressure gradient) flowing over a stationary cylinder downstreams of a spinning cylindrical section are presented. The pressure gradient was introduced into the flow field by a 25.4 mm-high, forward-facing, circular step mounted on the stationary cylinder, the step height being nearly equal to the thickness of the approaching boundary layer. All the measurements were made at a nominal upstream reference Reynolds number of 2.4 x 10 to the 6th power/m (corresponding to an upstream reference velocity of 36 to 37 m/sec) with the rotation of the spinner set to make its peripheral speed equal the reference velocity. The data reported included measurements of surface pressure and the mean surface shear-stress vector taken with a miniature, directional, surface-fence gage. These measurements were supplemented by oil-flow visualization studies of the stationary cylinder. The data indicates that the streamwise pressure gradient controls the development of the streamwise component of wall shear, but leaves the peripheral component of wall shear practically unaffected

Imaging in ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cause of death from cancer in women after lung, breast, colon, and pancreatic cancer. The incidence of ovarian cancer rises continuously between the ages 30 and 70 years and peaks at 59 years of age. Ovarian cancer is more lethal than endometrial and cervical cancer combined due to delayed diagnosis.Owing to the lack of symptoms and early peritoneal dissemination, the tumour has spread outside the pelvis in approximately 70% of cases at the time of diagnosis. The stage at diagnosis is the most important prognostic factor. The 5-year survival rates drop from 93% in patients with localized disease to 28% in those with distant metastases. Bimanual pelvic exam and CA 125 levels have failed to allow consistent detection of ovarian malignancy.CA 125 is a high molecular weight glycoprotein recognised by the OC 125 monoclonal antibody (sensitivity & specificity is better with combination of TVS). Since the sensitivities of these techniques are below 50%, particularly ultrasonography, CT and MRI has become indispensable in detection and staging of ovarian malignancy

Effect of fertigation on growth and yield on Chilli hybrid Arka Meghana

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of fertigation on chilli F1 Hybrid Arka Meghana during kharif of 2017 and 2018, with ten treatments, including different doses, sources of fertilizers and its frequency of application, in randomized block design with three replications. The pooled analysis revealed that application of fertilizer dose (125:100:125 kg N: P2O5: K2O ha-1) through fertigation on bi-weekly basis resulted in higher plant height (76.3 cm) at 80 days after transplanting, which was on par with the same dose and source applied at weekly interval (74.0 cm). These two treatments recorded higher fruit length (12.63 and 12.27 cm), number of fruits per plant (153.33 and 169.67) and dry weight of 10 fruits (9.00 and 8.63 g), respectively. All the fertigation treatments recorded higher yields over the conventional soil application of fertilizers to the tune of 14.84 to 61.55%. Among the fertigation treatments, application of 100% of fertilizer dose using water soluble fertilizers at bi-weekly interval resulted in significantly higher yield (32.44 t ha-1) compared to all treatments except the treatment where the weekly application of same dose of fertilizer through the same sources (31.81 t ha-1) and 75% of 125:100:125 kg N: P2O5: K2O ha-1 was applied weekly or bi-weekly intervals (29.23 and 30.01 t ha-1). Biweekly and weekly application of 100% fertilizer dose of 125:100:125 kg N: P2O5: K2O ha-1 through fertigation could yield maximum net income (Rs. 400151 and Rs. 387551 ha-1) with B: C (1.61 and 1.56). However, fertilizer applied to soil resulted in minimum net income of Rs.183054 ha-1 and B: C (0.84)

Influence of Various Sources and Levels of Fertilizer Applied through Fertigation on Hybrid Watermelon Grown in Rabi-Summer

A field experiment was conducted at Bangalore during 2006-2008 to study the effect of fertigation on growth and yield of rabi-summer grown watermelon. Seven treatments comprising varying rates and sources of fertilizers were applied. Application of water soluble fertilizer @ 70:70:70kg N:P2O5:K2O per hectare through fertigation gave significantly higher vine length, number of branches per plant and leaf area index. In general, fertigation treatments recorded higher values for number of fruits per plant, fruit weight and total soluble solids than conventional soilapplication of fertilizers. All the fertigation treatments recorded higher average marketable watermelon yield over conventional soil-application of fertilizers amounting to 7.22 to 26.4% increase. Among fertigation treatments, though recommended dose of fertilizer applied as water soluble fertilizer resulted in highest marketable-fruit yield, highest net income (Rs. 229775) and B:C ratio (3.03) was obtained in treatment with 70% of recommended dose of NPK using conventional fertilizers supplied through fertigation

Effect of Microsprinkler Fertigation on Growth and Yield of Rabi Onion

A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2005-2006 at Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, to study the performance of onion cv. Arka Niketan as influenced by microsprinkler fertigation using different sources and levels of fertilizers. Results indicated that crop growth in terms of leaf production, plant height, radial and equatorial diameter was not significantly influenced by the treatments. Fertigation treatments were superior for marketable bulb yield as compared to soil application of fertilizer. Also bulb yield through soil application of fertilizer increased by changing over from surface-irrigation to microsprinkler irrigation. However, bulb yield did not significantly decrease by applying just 75% of the recommended NPK fertilizers, using common or water soluble fertilizers supplied through fertigation. For achieving maximum yield, however, it is recommended to apply 100% recommended dose of fertilizers through sprinkler fertigation using water soluble fertilizers

Real-time Desktop Flying Qualities Evaluation Simulator

This paper presents the application of model based design for the development of a real-time flying quality evaluation simulator named NALSim, built around Windows platform. NALSim is a novel rapid prototyping system based on MatlabR, SimulinkR and the Real-Time-Windows TargetR, applicable for fighter, transport and unmanned air vehicles/micro air vehicles simulations. The simulator uses state of the art modeling and simulation technologies to validate various design and flying quality concepts. NALSim is developed such that it is scalable and low cost. The paper presents the simulator architecture and its application for flying qualities. A novel non linear Least Squares optimization based methodology is proposed for efficient handling quality studies.Defence Science Journal, Vol. 64, No. 1, January 2014, DOI:10.14429/dsj.64.496

Quantification of yield gaps in rain-fed rice, wheat, cotton and mustard in India

Rainfed farming / Crop yield / Simulation / Rice / Wheat / Cotton / Mustard / India

Machine Learning for Handwriting Recognition

With the knowledge of current data about particular subject, machine learning tries to extract hidden information that lies in the data. By applying some mathematical functions and concepts to extract hidden information, machine learning can be achieved and we can predict output for unknown data. Pattern recognition is one of the main application of ML. Patterns are usually recognized with the help of large image data-set. Handwriting recognition is an application of pattern recognition through image. By using such concepts, we can train computers to read letters and numbers belonging to any language present in an image. There exists several methods by which we can recognize hand-written characters. We will be discussing some of the methods in this paper

Economic Feasibility of Vegetable Production under Polyhouse:A Case Study of Capsicum and Tomato

Polyhouse cultivation of vegetables is emerging as a specialized production technology to overcome biotic and abiotic stresses and to break the seasonal barrier to production. It also ensures round the year production of highvalue vegetables, like capsicum, especially, during off-season. Cost is the major issue in sustaining this technology. The present study examined the economic viability of production of capsicum and tomato in a naturally ventilated polyhouse of medium cost category with drip irrigation system. Data were generated by cost accounting method for estimating the feasibility of production and was analyzed by using project evaluation methods, like Pay Back Period (PBP), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Cultivation of capsicum in a polyhouse was found to be highly feasible as reflected in higher values of NPV (Rs.3,23,145/500 m2), BCR (1.80) and IRR (53.7%) with payback period of less than two years. Breakeven price for capsicum production in a polyhouse (Rs.11.80/kg) was lesser than average wholesale price. Production of tomato in a polyhouse was found not feasible, as the breakeven price was more than the average market price and all the project appraisal parameters indicated that it was not feasible. Only at about 48% premium price over the prevailing market price or reduction of cost of polyhouse structure by 60% from Rs.400 to Rs.160 /m2, could make the tomato production viable in a poly house