CLASSROOM MISBEHAVIOR AS A CONTEXT FOR LEARNING DURING EARLY ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Teachers and school administrators often point to misbehavior as a significant impediment toteaching and learning. However, there is limited research considering whether classroommisbehavior influences achievement during elementary school. The present study examined howmisbehavior in classrooms relates to children's math and reading skills from kindergartenthrough third grade. Furthermore, it considered whether differences in children's approaches tolearning (ATL) and teachers' instructional practices are pathways through which misbehavioraffects achievement. Using data from the ECLS-K (n=13,700), this study found that increases inlevels of classroom misbehavior are related to reductions in reading and math achievement, evenwhen controlling for individual children's externalizing behaviors. Children's ATL and teachers' instructional time and pedagogical approach partially explain these associations. Implications for theory, measurement, and future research are discussed

A cost analysis of special education programs in eleven selected school districts in Oklahoma /

Data pertinent to the study were collected from a survey of special education cost by the Oklahoma State Department of Education, information gathered by a school district for purposes of determining inter-district transfer fees for special education, and from personal interviews. Records and publications kept at the State Department of Education were used to determine the cost of educating non-handicapped students and to check obtained data for accuracy.Mean and median costs were reported on all special education programs studied. In addition, data collected in this study were compared with the projected cost indices for 1980 found in a N.E.F.P. special study on special education costs and the cost indices which serve as the basis for funding special education programs under the current state school funding programs.The study found that a diseconomy of scale existed among low incidence handicapping conditions favoring large schools. This pattern was unaffected when costs were adjusted for federal allocation of categorical monies for the handicapped.This study investigated the cost of special education programs in public schools of Oklahoma during the 1980-81 school year. The purpose of the study was to determine program cost, excess cost and cost indices for school districts of differing sizes and to view the effect of federal categorical monies for special education upon these costs. In order to accomplish this, it was decided to place each of the eleven school districts studied into one of three groups: those with total enrollments over 15,000, those with total enrollments under 15,000 but greater than 2,500, and those with total enrollments under 2,500

RELATIONSHIPS AND ENGAGEMENT ACROSS ELEMENTARY SCHOOL: MEDIATING AND INTERACTIVE ASSOCIATIONS WITH PARENTS & TEACHERS

There is growing recognition that affective relationships are associated with children’s engagement and motivation. Yet despite continued calls to consider interconnections between home and school contexts, the extent to which relationships with both parents and teachers are collectively associated with engagement and motivation in elementary school remains relatively unexplored. In addition, few investigations address how children elicit these relational responses from parents or teachers. Accordingly, this project uses the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (NICHD-SECCYD) (n=1364) to investigate the direct, indirect, transactional, and interactive processes by which parent- and teacher-child relationships are associated with engagement and motivation in elementary school. Three studies conducted across three key developmental periods consider these associations. The first considers how relationships with parents and teachers prepare children for engagement during the transition to elementary school. The second study examines how relationships are associated with engagement as children progress from 1st through 5th grade. Finally, the third examines how concurrent and longitudinal relationships promote both engagement and motivational patterns in 5th grade, just prior to the transition to middle-school. Results across studies showed four consistent patterns. First, conflictual relationships with teachers were a more potent and consistent predictor of young children’s engagement and motivation than were exposures to positive supports from parents or teachers. Second, warm and sensitive parent-child relationships were supportive of children’s engagement, but only when youth were faced with conflictual teacher-child relationships, and only in the first few years of elementary school. Third, findings indicate that children elicit relational responses from both parents and teachers, and partially drive relational patterns with engagement. Finally, results suggest that engagement is largely context-dependent, and that children’s engagement is most strongly related to the relationships that are most temporally proximal to the child. Findings across the three developmental periods also demonstrate notable patterns, which are discussed in the context of prior literature. Implications for understanding how relationships are collectively associated with engagement and motivation across elementary school and implications for intervention and future research are also discussed

Enhanced impingement heat transfer using a Self-Oscillating Jet Impingement Nozzle array

Due to the character of the original source materials and the nature of batch digitization, quality control issues may be present in this document. Please report any quality issues you encounter to [email protected], referencing the URI of the item.Includes bibliographical references.Issued also on microfiche from Lange Micrographics.A simple modification to an in-line jet (ILJ) has been proven to significantly increase its heat transfer capabilities. The transport properties of the ILJ were enhanced by the addition of a collar over the nozzle exit. When extended to the proper length, the collar will create an acoustic standing wave and flow oscillations at the nozzle exit. The modified impinging jet nozzle has been labeled the Self-Oscillating Jet Impingement Nozzle (SOJIN). The experiments were conducted utilizing air jets submerged in the laboratory's ambient air. An infrared camera was used to measure the temperature distribution of the impingement surface under various operating conditions. Local and average heat transfer coefficients and Nusselt numbers were determined. The research involved two 0.635 cm inside diameter SOJIN nozzles. The study consisted of acoustic measurements and heat transfer testing conducted at Reynolds numbers of 60,000, 100,000, and 140,000. Infrared imaging was used to identify highly, semi, weakly, and non-interactive regions. The optimum first stage collar extensions were found to be 3.6 mm for the 60,000 and 100,000 Reynolds numbers, and 4.1 mm for the 140,000 Reynolds number. An arrayto-surface spacing of 4 diameters was found to be the optimum height for heat transfer purposes. The 60,000 Reynolds number produced average surface heat transfer coefficientsof 1030, 660, 470, and 345 W/m' K at nozzle separation distance-to-diameter ratios, S/D,of 3, 8, 13, and 18, respectively. Each S/D value correspond to the highly, semi, weakly, and non interactive regions, respectively. The S/D value investigated with a Reynolds number of 100,000 were 3, 8, 9, 10, 16 and 24 at H/D of 4. Each fell within the following regions: 3 highly; 8, 9, 10 semi; 16 weakly; and 24 non-interactive. The average surface heat transfer coefficients were determined to be 790, 850, 665, 490, and 350 W/m' K, at S/D of 3, 8, 9, 10, 16, and 24, respectively. The 140,000 produced the highest heat transfer coefficients. The average surface heat transfer coefficients were 2030, 1580, 890, 625, and 470 W/M2 K, for S/D of 3, 6, 14, 21, and 25, respectively. The maximum local heat transfer values showed small changes with respect to nozzle separation distance

Contemporary Women Poets of Texas

As a teacher of American literature in high school, I have become conscious of the importance of teaching students of that age level the lore and poetry of their native state. Poems of nature or local color in their own country will hold their interest when material from more distant points seems dull and uninteresting. Through my teaching I have become interested in the poetry of the Southwest and have enjoyed reading the poetry and knowing the poets through personal interview or correspondence

Letter from Reverend J. H. Dulles, Princeton Theological Seminary, Princeton, New Jersey, to Reverend R. H. Nassau, September 16, 1916

This item is from the Manly Family papers. The collection includes the papers of Basil Manly, president of the University of Alabama, 1837-1855, and a founder of Furman University, which reflect the history of the period as well as his life as theologian and educator. It also contains materials created and gathered by other Manly family members, including his sons Basil and Charles, president of Furman University, 1881-1897

Letter from Reverend J. H. Dulles, Princeton, New Jersey, to Charles Manly, September 16, 1916

This item is from the Manly Family papers. The collection includes the papers of Basil Manly, president of the University of Alabama, 1837-1855, and a founder of Furman University, which reflect the history of the period as well as his life as theologian and educator. It also contains materials created and gathered by other Manly family members, including his sons Basil and Charles, president of Furman University, 1881-1897

Letter from Reverend J. H. Dulles, Princeton, New Jersey, to Charles Manly, Lexington, Virginia, February 2, 1911

This item is from the Manly Family papers. The collection includes the papers of Basil Manly, president of the University of Alabama, 1837-1855, and a founder of Furman University, which reflect the history of the period as well as his life as theologian and educator. It also contains materials created and gathered by other Manly family members, including his sons Basil and Charles, president of Furman University, 1881-1897