5 research outputs found
Discovery of ((<i>S</i>)-5-(Methoxymethyl)-7-(1-methyl-1<i>H</i>-indol-2-yl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-4,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-<i>a</i>]pyrimidin-6-yl)((<i>S</i>)-2-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)methanone As a Potent and Selective I<sub>Kur</sub> Inhibitor
Previously disclosed dihydropyrazolopyrimidines are potent
and selective blockers of I<sub>Kur</sub> current. A potential liability
with this chemotype is the formation of a reactive metabolite which
demonstrated covalent binding to protein in vitro. When substituted
at the 2 or 3 position, this template yielded potent I<sub>Kur</sub> inhibitors, with selectivity over <i>h</i>ERG which did
not form reactive metabolites. Subsequent optimization for potency
and PK properties lead to the discovery of ((<i>S</i>)-5-(methoxymethyl)-7-(1-methyl-1<i>H</i>-indol-2-yl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-4,7-dihydropyrazoloÂ[1,5-<i>a</i>]Âpyrimidin-6-yl)Â((<i>S</i>)-2-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)Âpyrrolidin-1-yl)Âmethanone
(<b>13j</b>), with an acceptable PK profile in preclinical species
and potent efficacy in the preclinical rabbit atrial effective refractory
period (AERP) model
PK/PD Disconnect Observed with a Reversible Endothelial Lipase Inhibitor
Screening of a small set of nonselective
lipase inhibitors against
endothelial lipase (EL) identified a potent and reversible inhibitor, <i>N</i>-(3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)Âpropyl)-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-4-carboxamide
(<b>5</b>; EL IC<sub>50</sub> = 61 nM, EL<sub>HDL</sub> IC<sub>50</sub> = 454 nM). Deck mining identified a related hit, <i>N</i>-(3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)Âpropyl)-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-pyrrole-3-carboxamide (<b>6a</b>; EL IC<sub>50</sub> = 41 nM, EL<sub>HDL</sub> IC<sub>50</sub> = 1760 nM). Both compounds
were selective against lipoprotein lipase (LPL) but nonselective versus
hepatic lipase (HL). Optimization of compound <b>6a</b> for
EL inhibition using HDL as substrate led to <i>N</i>-(4-(3,4<b>-</b>dichlorophenyl)Âbutan-2-yl)-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-pyrrole-3-carboxamide (<b>7c</b>; EL IC<sub>50</sub> = 148 nM, EL<sub>HDL</sub> IC<sub>50</sub> = 218 nM) having improved
PK over compound <b>6a</b>, providing a tool molecule to test
for the ability to increase HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in vivo
using a reversible EL inhibitor. Compound <b>7c</b> did not
increase HDL-C in vivo despite achieving plasma exposures targeted
on the basis of enzyme activity and protein binding demonstrating
the need to develop more physiologically relevant in vitro assays
to guide compound progression for in vivo evaluation
Selective <i>I</i><sub>Kur</sub> Inhibitors for the Potential Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation: Optimization of the Phenyl Quinazoline Series Leading to Clinical Candidate 5‑[5-Phenyl-4-(pyridin-2-ylmethylamino)quinazolin-2-yl]pyridine-3-sulfonamide
We
have recently disclosed 5-phenyl-<i>N</i>-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2-(pyrimidin-5-yl)Âquinazolin-4-amine <b>1</b> as a potent <i>I</i><sub>Kur</sub> current blocker
with selectivity versus <i>h</i>ERG, Na and Ca channels,
and an acceptable preclinical PK profile. Upon further characterization <i>in vivo</i>, compound <b>1</b> demonstrated an unacceptable
level of brain penetration. In an effort to reduce the level of brain
penetration while maintaining the overall profile, SAR was developed
at the C2′ position for a series of close analogues by employing
hydrogen bond donors. As a result, 5-[5-phenyl-4-(pyridin-2-ylmethylamino)Âquinazolin-2-yl]Âpyridine-3-sulfonamide
(<b>25</b>) was identified as the lead compound in this series.
Compound <b>25</b> showed robust effects in rabbit and canine
pharmacodynamic models and an acceptable cross-species pharmacokinetic
profile and was advanced as the clinical candidate. Further optimization
of <b>25</b> to mitigate pH-dependent absorption resulted in
identification of the corresponding phosphoramide prodrug (<b>29</b>) with an improved solubility and pharmacokinetic profile
Triphenylethanamine Derivatives as Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibitors: Discovery of <i>N</i>‑[(1<i>R</i>)‑1-(3-Cyclopropoxy-4-fluorophenyl)-1-[3-fluoro-5-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)Âphenyl]-2-phenylethyl]-4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)Âbenzamide (BMS-795311)
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein
(CETP) inhibitors raise HDL-C
in animals and humans and may be antiatherosclerotic by enhancing
reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). In this article, we describe
the lead optimization efforts resulting in the discovery of a series
of triphenylethanamine (TPE) ureas and amides as potent and orally
available CETP inhibitors. Compound <b>10g</b> is a potent CETP
inhibitor that maximally inhibited cholesteryl ester (CE) transfer
activity at an oral dose of 1 mg/kg in human CETP/apoB-100 dual transgenic
mice and increased HDL cholesterol content and size comparable to
torcetrapib (<b>1</b>) in moderately-fat fed hamsters. In contrast
to the off-target liabilities with <b>1</b>, no blood pressure
increase was observed with <b>10g</b> in rat telemetry studies
and no increase of aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) was detected in
H295R cells. On the basis of its preclinical profile, compound <b>10g</b> was advanced into preclinical safety studies
Triphenylethanamine Derivatives as Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibitors: Discovery of <i>N</i>‑[(1<i>R</i>)‑1-(3-Cyclopropoxy-4-fluorophenyl)-1-[3-fluoro-5-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)Âphenyl]-2-phenylethyl]-4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)Âbenzamide (BMS-795311)
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein
(CETP) inhibitors raise HDL-C
in animals and humans and may be antiatherosclerotic by enhancing
reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). In this article, we describe
the lead optimization efforts resulting in the discovery of a series
of triphenylethanamine (TPE) ureas and amides as potent and orally
available CETP inhibitors. Compound <b>10g</b> is a potent CETP
inhibitor that maximally inhibited cholesteryl ester (CE) transfer
activity at an oral dose of 1 mg/kg in human CETP/apoB-100 dual transgenic
mice and increased HDL cholesterol content and size comparable to
torcetrapib (<b>1</b>) in moderately-fat fed hamsters. In contrast
to the off-target liabilities with <b>1</b>, no blood pressure
increase was observed with <b>10g</b> in rat telemetry studies
and no increase of aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) was detected in
H295R cells. On the basis of its preclinical profile, compound <b>10g</b> was advanced into preclinical safety studies