Maternal outcomes comparing normal (referent) group to borderline and GDM groups.

a<p>Adjusted for age, BMI at OGTT, height at OGTT, indoor partner's smoking status, family history of diabetes, family history of hypertension, gestational age at OGTT, baby's sex, parity (not included in model for primary caesarean section), hospitalisation prior to delivery (not included in model for preeclampsia), mean arterial blood pressure at the first antenatal care visit (not included in model for preeclampsia).</p>b<p>For women giving birth vaginally.</p

Outcomes related to the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test results analysed as continuous variables.

a<p>Odds ratios were for an increase in the glucose level of one SD (0.42 mmol/l [7.6 mg/dl] for the fasting plasma glucose level, 1.6 mmol/l [28.9 mg/dl] for the 1-hr plasma glucose level, and 1.4 mmol/l [24.8 mg/dl] for the 2-hr plasma glucose level).</p

Neonatal outcomes comparing referent group to borderline and GDM groups.

a<p>Adjusted for age, BMI at OGTT, height at OGTT, indoor partner's smoking status, family history of diabetes, family history of hypertension, gestational age at OGTT, baby's sex, parity, hospitalisation prior to delivery, and mean arterial blood pressure at the first antenatal care visit.</p>b<p>Mean (SD), mean difference with 95% confidence intervals.</p>c<p>>90th population percentile for gestational age.</p>d<p><10th population percentile for gestational age.</p>e<p>Intensive neonatal care defined as admission to the neonatal unit for care more intensive than normal newborn care and lasting more than 24 h, excluding suspected sepsis, observation, and feeding problems.</p><p>NA, not applicable.</p

Maternal glycaemia and prevalence of gestational diabetes.

a<p>Borderline group is women positive for GDM using the IADPSG criterion, but negative on the ADA criterion.</p

Linear regression model coefficients for estimation of neonatal fat mass in grams.

<p>Linear regression model coefficients for estimation of neonatal fat mass in grams.</p

Comparison of receiver-operator characteristic curves for the prediction of composite neonatal morbidity, low and high fat BF% using the Delong method [26].

<p>For each pair of logistic regression models, the standard error and p-value from the Delong method for ROC curve comparison are reported [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0195193#pone.0195193.ref026" target="_blank">26</a>]. Comparisons include BF% from ADP, weight-for-length-for-gestational age (W/L/GA), weight-for-length-squared (W/L²), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), birthweight percentiles (BW_pctl) and developed composite feature (CF). Statistical significance is denoted by *p<0.05, **p<0.01 ***p<0.001.</p

Mean model RMSE and R-squared statistics for estimations of body composition parameters at a testing sample size.

<p>Panels (a)-(b) fat free mass (FFM), (c)-(d) fat mass (FM) and (e)-(f) body fat percentage (BF%) measured via air displacement plethysmography. Population was divided into two sex-stratified halves, with the first half used to fit male and female-specific linear estimation models and an equally-sized subset containing an even distribution of sexes used to fit the combined sex model. The second half or test set was then randomly and repeatedly restricted with root mean squared error (RMSE) and R-squared determined for each iteration.</p

Comparisons of anthropometry and body composition measures for male and female neonates.

<p>An independent t-test (two-tailed) was applied to compare continuous variables and a chi-squared test for categorical variables (neonatal composite morbidity and proportions in each fat range). Statistical significance is denoted by *p<0.05, ***p<0.001.</p

Linear regression model coefficients for estimation of neonatal fat mass in grams.

<p>Linear regression model coefficients for estimation of neonatal fat mass in grams.</p