Investigation into fracture behavior and longevity of pneumatically fractured fine-grained formations

This study investigates volume changes in fine-grained soil formations and their effect on pneumatically induced fractures. Pneumatic fracturing is an enhancement technology for in situ remediation of hazardous waste sites, which increases the formation permeability by creating fractures. A number of formation properties and environmental conditions which affect fracture aperture were identified in this study. Laboratory experiments were performed with control devices to investigate idealized fracture flow under linear and radial flow geometries. These tests exhibited cubic law behavior, and gas compressibility was seen as a measurable effect. A horizontal infiltrometer device was successfully developed to induce and control volume changes in natural soils with an artificial discrete fracture by moisture addition and removal. Tests performed with Woodbury clay showed that changes in fracture aperture were reversible, and that porous media flow was instrumental in aperture behavior. A new concept of a secondary active zone is introduced which describes the zone of increased activity along the fracture boundary soils. A classification model is presented for assessing volume change potential of fine-grained formations based on their physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties. The model also recommends treatment alternatives for pneumatically fractured sites including hydraulic control. chemical stabilization, and fracture propping

Organic Soybean Performance Trials Summary

Maturity range (0.6 – 1.8) of soybean varieties in Alburgh, VT Planting Date: 05-21-2020 and Harvest Date: 10-14-202

The Wild Child: Children are Freaks in Antebellum Novels

This dissertation investigates the spectacle of antebellum freak shows and focuses on how Phineas Taylor Barnum\u27s influence permeates five antebellum novels. The study concerns itself with wild children staged as freaks in Margaret by Sylvester Judd, City Crimes by George Thompson, The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Uncle Tom\u27s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe and Our Nig by Harriet Wilson. Barnum\u27s influence was pervasive. The novels I investigate span a period of fourteen years before the Civil War, and offer a view of the kid show presented by the freaks in each text. Touching into spectacle, authors construct narratives and stage freaks in order to solidify boundaries that define insiders and outsiders. These works offer entertaining and didactic freaks to be gawked at and probed. As is usual with freak shows, the viewers/readers provide as much information about society and spectatorship in nineteenth century America, as do the freaks themselves

A High-Statistics Lattice Calculation of λ1\lambda_1 and λ2\lambda_2 in the BB meson

We present a high-statistics lattice calculation of the kinetic energy $-\lambda_1/2 m_b$ of the heavy quark inside the $B$-meson and of the chromo-magnetic term $\lambda_2$, related to the $B^*$--$B$ mass splitting, performed in the HQET. Our results have been obtained from a numerical simulation based on 600 gauge field configurations generated at $\beta=6.0$, on a lattice volume $24^3 \times 40$ and using, for the meson correlators, the results obtained with the SW-Clover $O(a)$ improved lattice action for the light quarks. For the kinetic energy we found $-\lambda_1=\langle B \vert \bar h (i\vec{D})^{2} h \vert B \rangle /(2 M_B )=-(0.09 \pm 0.14)$~GeV$^2$, which is interesting for phenomenological applications. We also find $\lambda_2= 0.07 \pm 0.01$ GeV$^2$, corresponding to $M^2_{B^*}-M^2_B= 4 \lambda_2= 0.280 \pm 0.060$ GeV$^2$, which is about one half of the experimental value. The origin of the discrepancy with the experimental number needs to be clarified.Comment: 26 pages, latex, 5 figure

Adolescent Alcohol Use and Dating Violence Perpetration: Three Studies Examining Concurrent and Longitudinal Relations Across Grades 8 Through 12

Numerous studies suggest a link between alcohol use and adult partner violence, but research on how this relationship unfolds during adolescence is limited. The three studies comprising this dissertation each used a different theoretical lens to guide an empirical examination of the relations between alcohol use and physical dating violence perpetration using data from a longitudinal study spanning grades 8 through 12. Study one (n=2272) used autoregressive latent curve models to examine several different theoretical models of the linkages between alcohol use and dating violence perpetration over time. Trajectories of alcohol use and dating violence were correlated and this correlation was reduced substantially after adjusting for the effects of common predictors. However, concurrent associations between the two behaviors persisted across nearly all grades. There was no evidence of prospective relations from alcohol use to dating violence or vice-versa. Study two (n=2311) examined the role of heavy alcohol use in the developmental process of desistance from dating violence perpetration. Growth models were used to test the hypotheses that both early and continuing alcohol use would hinder desistance from dating violence during late adolescence. Contrary to expectations, the effects of early alcohol use on dating violence diminished over time. Although the contemporaneous effects of alcohol use on dating violence were significant across most grades, effects weakened during late adolescence and were stronger in the spring than in the fall semesters. Study three (n=2311) examined the hypothesis that increased exposure to violence would strengthen the relationship between heavy alcohol use and dating violence. Growth models were used to examine the main and joint effects of alcohol use and exposure to family, peer, and neighborhood violence on levels of dating violence across grades 8 through 12. Across all grades, the relationship between alcohol use and dating violence was stronger for teens exposed to higher levels of family conflict and friend dating violence. Prevention programs that target risk factors common to both dating violence and alcohol use may reduce involvement in both behaviors. Programs that seek to reduce alcohol-related dating violence should target younger teens and those exposed to family conflict or friend dating violence

Modeling Variability in Individual Development: Differences of degree or kind?

The proper use of statistical models for analyzing individual change over time is critical for the progress of developmental science. Latent curve models, hierarchical linear growth models, group-based trajectory models, and growth mixture models constitute increasingly important tools for longitudinal data analysis. To facilitate their understanding and use, this paper clarifies similarities and differences between these models, with particular attention to the assumptions they make about individual development. An example shows how the results and interpretation vary across model types. Discussion centers on reviewing the strengths and limitations of each approach for developmental research

Entre la espada y la pared: el secreto profesional y la atención post aborto

En 1998 entraron en vigencia reformas al Código Penal de El Salvador que penalizan toda forma de aborto, incluida la interrupción del embarazo para salvar la vida de la mujer. Por consiguiente, ha incrementado el número de denuncias interpuestas por prestadores de servicios de salud de las pacientes que se sospechan de haberse practicado un aborto inducido. El propósito de este documento es presentar evidencias y análisis sobre la incidencia, los motivos y las consecuencias de la práctica de la denuncia por parte del personal de salud de las pacientes post aborto inducido en El Salvadorhttp://www.ipas.org/~/media/Files/Ipas%20Publications/secreto.ash

Heavy Alcohol Use and Dating Violence Perpetration During Adolescence: Family, Peer and Neighborhood Violence as Moderators

We examined the hypothesis that family, peer and neighborhood violence would moderate relations between heavy alcohol use and adolescent dating violence perpetration such that relations would be stronger for teens in violent contexts. Random coefficients growth models were used to examine the main and interaction effects of heavy alcohol use and four measures of violence (family violence, friend dating violence, friend peer violence and neighborhood violence) on levels of physical dating violence perpetration across grades 8 through 12. The effects of heavy alcohol use on dating violence tended to diminish over time and were stronger in the spring than in the fall semesters. Consistent with hypotheses, across all grades, relations between heavy alcohol use and dating violence were stronger for teens exposed to higher levels of family violence and friend dating violence. However, neither friend peer violence nor neighborhood violence moderated relations between alcohol use and dating violence. Taken together, findings suggest that as adolescents grow older, individual and contextual moderators may play an increasingly important role in explaining individual differences in relations between alcohol use and dating violence. Implications for the design and evaluation of dating abuse prevention programs are discussed

Developmental Associations Between Adolescent Alcohol Use and Dating Aggression

While numerous studies have established a link between alcohol use and partner violence in adulthood, little research has examined this relation during adolescence. The current study used multivariate growth models to examine relations between alcohol use and dating aggression across grades 8 through 12 controlling for shared risk factors (common causes) that predict both behaviors. Associations between trajectories of alcohol use and dating aggression were reduced substantially when common causes were controlled. Concurrent associations between the two behaviors were significant across nearly all grades but no evidence was found for prospective connections from prior alcohol use to subsequent dating aggression or vice versa. Findings suggest that prevention efforts should target common causes of alcohol use and dating aggression