Being there: cellular targeting of voltage-gated sodium channels in the heart

Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels in cardiomyocytes are localized in specialized membrane domains that optimize their functions in propagating action potentials across cell junctions and in stimulating voltage-gated calcium channels located in T tubules. Mutation of the ankyrin-binding site of Nav1.5, the principal Nav channel in the heart, was previously known to cause cardiac arrhythmia and the retention of Nav1.5 in an intracellular compartment in cardiomyocytes. Conclusive evidence is now provided that direct interaction between Nav1.5 and ankyrin-G is necessary for the expression of Nav1.5 at the cardiomyocyte cell surface

Analysis of the joint kinematics of the 5 iron golf swing

The purpose of this study was to identify the performance determining factors of the 5-iron golf swing. Joint kinematics were obtained from thirty male golfers using a twelve camera motion analysis system. Participants were divided into two groups, based on their ball launch speed (high vs. low). Those in the high ball speed group were deemed to be the more skillful group. Statistical analysis was used to identify the variables which differed significantly between the two groups, and could therefore be classified as the performance determining factors. The following factors were important to performance success: (i) the ability of the golfer to maintain a large X Factor angle and generate large X Factor angular velocity throughout the downswing, (ii) maintain the left arm as straight as possible throughout the swing, (iii) utilise greater movement of the hips in the direction of the target and a greater extension of the right hip during the downswing and (iv) greater flexion of both shoulders and less left shoulder internal rotation during the backswing

‘It spreads like a creeping disease’: experiences of victims of disability hate crimes in austerity Britain

This article examines disabled people’s experiences of hate crime during a period of austerity and welfare reform. Narrative interviews were conducted with 12 victims of disability hate crimes in the United Kingdom who experienced a spectrum of targeted, disablist violence and harassment, from name-calling and verbal abuse to physical and sexual violence and damage to property. Participants expressed frustration and disappointment with inadequate, offensive and inappropriate responses from the criminal justice system. This resulted in a lack of confidence in reporting their experiences to police in future. Evidence from participant stories encapsulates the diversity of disability hate crime perpetrators, from neighbour to stranger, resulting in a lack of safe space in which disabled people can live and work. Examination of these findings illustrates the impact of contemporary structural discourses of conditionality and stigma upon disabled people, including acceptance of and resilience to hate crimes

Thinking outside the box: intersectionality as a hate crime research framework

There is little sustained exploration of intersectionality within disability studies or hate crime research. Both concepts fail to fully acknowledge the multiple, over-lapping and complicated experiences of risk and victimisation. A unified approach to disability through the social model paradigm may have distracted from the diversity of experiences of those with disabilities. Additionally, intersectionality is at odds with the silo-framework of hate crime policy and legislation. Using data from a research study on disabled people’s experiences of hate crime, this article illustrates how applying intersectional analysis to hate crimes contributes to a greater understanding of experiences than the traditional single strand approach. It demonstrates that the current strand-based approach to hate crime disguises the variety of intersecting elements of identity. This paper provides an original contribution to existing literature on hate crime and intersectional criminology and offers an alternative human rights based approach

Confronting campus hate crime through forum theatre methods.

Forum theatre methods enabled us to educate students about hate crimes in an interactive, safe and supportive environment

Evaluating Third Party Reporting: perspectives from voluntary advisers

This paper presents findings from an undergraduate research project into third party reporting Hate Crime services in South West England. Third party reporting centres provide an alternative route to reporting experiences of victimisation to the Criminal Justice System and were designed to engage with marginalised communities (Macpherson, 1999). There is repeated evidence that hate crimes are under reported within the UK, with many victims of hate crimes unaware of where to report (Hardy, 2019). Limited research into third party reporting centres suggests there is a lack of awareness that these services exist (Wong and Christmann, 2016). This research evaluated the success of hate crime reporting to a third party reporting centre by analysing the experiences of volunteer advisors working on the scheme. Findings demonstrated that the utility of the third party reporting service did contribute to an enhanced awareness of hate crimes in the community, as perceived by advisor engagement. Disappointingly, the results also suggested that more extensive training for advisors was needed as there was a lack of basic awareness on types of hate crimes and legislation