Associations of Anxiety and Psychological Distress with Cancer in US Adults: Results from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey

Background: Little is known about age differences in the associations of anxiety, depression, and psychological distress (PD) with cancer.Objectives: We estimated the prevalence of cancer in the United States (US) adults and examined the associations between mental health problems and cancer, and tested the related age differences.Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study (n=34,505, 3,118 had cancer) from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data. Weighted univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: The overall prevalence of cancer is 8.6% (7.6% for males and 9.4 % for females). The prevalence increased with age (2.0%, 9.3% and 24.3% for age groups 18-49, 50-64 and 65+ years, respectively). The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and PD was significantly higher in cancer patients than in non-cancers (26% vs. 18%, 20% vs.13%, and 13% vs. 9%, respectively). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that being female, aging, anxiety, and PD were positively associated with cancer (p0.05). Age group revealed significant interactions with anxiety and PD, in relation to cancer. Stratified by age groups, PD was positively associated with cancer just in young adults (18-49 years) while anxiety showed a stronger association with cancer in young adults and elderly (65+ years).Conclusions: The prevalence of mental health problems was higher among US adults who had cancer. The associations between mental health problems and cancer varied across ages. Effective strategies may be needed to manage these mental health conditions among patients with cancer at each age

Study of characteristic variations of high-speed spindles induced by centrifugal expansion deformations

High-speed machining has continuously pushed the demand of spindles with higher speed and higher reliability. In order to design, analyze, and test spindles in a virtual environment, accurate modeling of the spindle dynamics during the running state is essential. This paper investigates the variations of interference fit and bearing preload condition induced by centrifugal expansion deformations at high speed. Firstly, the elastic expansion deformations of the rotating parts due to centrifugal force are calculated based on mechanics of elasticity. It is found that the centrifugal expansion deformation of the bearing inner ring is much larger than the deformation of the shaft when the rotational speed increases, and therefore the amount of the interference between the shaft and the bearing decreases with the speed. Then, with consideration of the centrifugal expansion deformation, a dynamic model of high-speed rolling ball bearings is presented with experimental validation. With the proposed bearing model, centrifugal effects on the bearing preload condition are studied in detail. It is shown that the bearing contact angle decreases, while the contact load increases with the centrifugal expansion deformation of the bearing inner ring. The radial bearing stiffness increases, whereas the axial bearing stiffness decreases a little, due to the resultant effects of the decreased contact angle and the increased contact load. The preload condition of the spindle bearing is strengthened by the centrifugal expansion effect of the bearing inner ring

The multivariable finite elements based on B-spline wavelet on the interval for 1D structural mechanics

Wavelet finite elements with two kinds of variables for 1D structural mechanics are constructed based on B-spline wavelet on the interval (BSWI) and the generalized variational principle. In contrast to the traditional method, the BSWI element with two kinds of variables (TBSWI) can improve the solution accuracy of the generalized stress apparently, because generalized displacement and stress are interpolated separately. Another superiority of the elements constructed is the interpolating function BSWI, which has very good approximation property, further guarantees solution accuracy. Euler beam, Timoshenko beam and Elastic foundation beam are studied providing several numerical examples to verify the efficiency

Simulation and Experimental Investigation of Structural Dynamic Frequency Characteristics Control

In general, mechanical equipment such as cars, airplanes, and machine tools all operate with constant frequency characteristics. These constant working characteristics should be controlled if the dynamic performance of the equipment demands improvement or the dynamic characteristics is intended to change with different working conditions. Active control is a stable and beneficial method for this, but current active control methods mainly focus on vibration control for reducing the vibration amplitudes in the time domain or frequency domain. In this paper, a new method of dynamic frequency characteristics active control (DFCAC) is presented for a flat plate, which can not only accomplish vibration control but also arbitrarily change the dynamic characteristics of the equipment. The proposed DFCAC algorithm is based on a neural network including two parts of the identification implement and the controller. The effectiveness of the DFCAC method is verified by several simulation and experiments, which provide desirable results

Strengthening double curved arch bridges by using extrados section augmentation method

Double curved arch bridges have played an important role in the history of bridge construction in China. The strengthening or retrofitting of this type of bridge has attracted a great deal of research attention in the Chinese bridge engineering community. In this paper, a novel strengthening method, i.e. the extrados section augmentation strengthening method (ESASM), has been reported. Firstly, the rationale behind this new method and the changes in internal forces after strengthening have been studied in details. A numerical optimization analysis was then performed to derive a strengthening design solution based on these results. Secondly, a trial use of this novel strengthening method in a double curved arch bridge has been reported. A numerical simulation was carried out to analyze the internal forces in the bridge both before and after it was strengthened. Results show that internal forces have been favourably redistributed after the bridge has been strengthened by using ESASM. Lastly, the adopted construction method and the strengthening effect for that project were described

UGC: Unified GAN Compression for Efficient Image-to-Image Translation

Recent years have witnessed the prevailing progress of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) in image-to-image translation. However, the success of these GAN models hinges on ponderous computational costs and labor-expensive training data. Current efficient GAN learning techniques often fall into two orthogonal aspects: i) model slimming via reduced calculation costs; ii)data/label-efficient learning with fewer training data/labels. To combine the best of both worlds, we propose a new learning paradigm, Unified GAN Compression (UGC), with a unified optimization objective to seamlessly prompt the synergy of model-efficient and label-efficient learning. UGC sets up semi-supervised-driven network architecture search and adaptive online semi-supervised distillation stages sequentially, which formulates a heterogeneous mutual learning scheme to obtain an architecture-flexible, label-efficient, and performance-excellent model

Activation-Induced T Helper Cell Death Contributes to Th1/Th2 Polarization following Murine Schistosoma japonicum Infection

In chronic infectious diseases, such as schistosomiasis, pathogen growth and immunopathology are affected by the induction of a proper balanced Th1/Th2 response to the pathogen and by antigen-triggered activation-induced T cell death. Here, by using S. japonicum infection or schistosome antigens-immunized mouse model, or antigens in vitro stimulation, we report that during the early stage of S. japonicum infection, nonegg antigens trigger Th2 cell apoptosis via the granzyme B signal pathway, contributing to Th1 polarization, which is thought to be associated with worm clearance and severe schistosomiasis. Meanwhile, after the adult worms lay their eggs, the egg antigens trigger Th1 cell apoptosis via the caspase pathway, contributing to Th2 polarization, which is associated with mild pathology and enhanced survival of both worms and their hosts. Thus, our study suggests that S. japonicum antigen-induced Th1 and Th2 cell apoptosis involves the Th1/Th2 shift and favorites both hosts and parasites