266 research outputs found
The Whole Pathological Slide Classification via Weakly Supervised Learning
Due to its superior efficiency in utilizing annotations and addressing
gigapixel-sized images, multiple instance learning (MIL) has shown great
promise as a framework for whole slide image (WSI) classification in digital
pathology diagnosis. However, existing methods tend to focus on advanced
aggregators with different structures, often overlooking the intrinsic features
of H\&E pathological slides. To address this limitation, we introduced two
pathological priors: nuclear heterogeneity of diseased cells and spatial
correlation of pathological tiles. Leveraging the former, we proposed a data
augmentation method that utilizes stain separation during extractor training
via a contrastive learning strategy to obtain instance-level representations.
We then described the spatial relationships between the tiles using an
adjacency matrix. By integrating these two views, we designed a multi-instance
framework for analyzing H\&E-stained tissue images based on pathological
inductive bias, encompassing feature extraction, filtering, and aggregation.
Extensive experiments on the Camelyon16 breast dataset and TCGA-NSCLC Lung
dataset demonstrate that our proposed framework can effectively handle tasks
related to cancer detection and differentiation of subtypes, outperforming
state-of-the-art medical image classification methods based on MIL. The code
will be released later
Adversarial Attacks and Defenses for Semantic Communication in Vehicular Metaverses
For vehicular metaverses, one of the ultimate user-centric goals is to
optimize the immersive experience and Quality of Service (QoS) for users on
board. Semantic Communication (SemCom) has been introduced as a revolutionary
paradigm that significantly eases communication resource pressure for vehicular
metaverse applications to achieve this goal. SemCom enables high-quality and
ultra-efficient vehicular communication, even with explosively increasing data
traffic among vehicles. In this article, we propose a hierarchical
SemCom-enabled vehicular metaverses framework consisting of the global
metaverse, local metaverses, SemCom module, and resource pool. The global and
local metaverses are brand-new concepts from the metaverse's distribution
standpoint. Considering the QoS of users, this article explores the potential
security vulnerabilities of the proposed framework. To that purpose, this study
highlights a specific security risk to the framework's SemCom module and offers
a viable defense solution, so encouraging community researchers to focus more
on vehicular metaverse security. Finally, we provide an overview of the open
issues of secure SemCom in the vehicular metaverses, notably pointing out
potential future research directions
DCPT: Darkness Clue-Prompted Tracking in Nighttime UAVs
Existing nighttime unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) trackers follow an
"Enhance-then-Track" architecture - first using a light enhancer to brighten
the nighttime video, then employing a daytime tracker to locate the object.
This separate enhancement and tracking fails to build an end-to-end trainable
vision system. To address this, we propose a novel architecture called Darkness
Clue-Prompted Tracking (DCPT) that achieves robust UAV tracking at night by
efficiently learning to generate darkness clue prompts. Without a separate
enhancer, DCPT directly encodes anti-dark capabilities into prompts using a
darkness clue prompter (DCP). Specifically, DCP iteratively learns emphasizing
and undermining projections for darkness clues. It then injects these learned
visual prompts into a daytime tracker with fixed parameters across transformer
layers. Moreover, a gated feature aggregation mechanism enables adaptive fusion
between prompts and between prompts and the base model. Extensive experiments
show state-of-the-art performance for DCPT on multiple dark scenario
benchmarks. The unified end-to-end learning of enhancement and tracking in DCPT
enables a more trainable system. The darkness clue prompting efficiently
injects anti-dark knowledge without extra modules. Code and models will be
released.Comment: Under revie
Impaired function of dendritic cells within the tumor microenvironment
Dendritic cells (DCs), a class of professional antigen-presenting cells, are considered key factors in the initiation and maintenance of anti-tumor immunity due to their powerful ability to present antigen and stimulate T-cell responses. The important role of DCs in controlling tumor growth and mediating potent anti-tumor immunity has been demonstrated in various cancer models. Accordingly, the infiltration of stimulatory DCs positively correlates with the prognosis and response to immunotherapy in a variety of solid tumors. However, accumulating evidence indicates that DCs exhibit a significantly dysfunctional state, ultimately leading to an impaired anti-tumor immune response due to the effects of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Currently, numerous preclinical and clinical studies are exploring immunotherapeutic strategies to better control tumors by restoring or enhancing the activity of DCs in tumors, such as the popular DC-based vaccines. In this review, an overview of the role of DCs in controlling tumor progression is provided, followed by a summary of the current advances in understanding the mechanisms by which the TME affects the normal function of DCs, and concluding with a brief discussion of current strategies for DC-based tumor immunotherapy
Frisson Waves: Exploring Automatic Detection, Triggering and Sharing of Aesthetic Chills in Music Performances
Frisson is the feeling and experience of physical reactions such as shivers, tingling skin, and goosebumps. Using entrainment
through facilitating interpersonal transmissions of embodied sensations, we present "Frisson Waves" with the aim to enhance
live music performance experiences. "Frisson Waves" is an exploratory real-time system to detect, trigger and share frisson
in a wave-like pattern over audience members during music performances. The system consists of a physiological sensing
wristband for detecting frisson and a thermo-haptic neckband for inducing frisson. In a controlled environment, we evaluate
detection (n=19) and triggering of frisson (n=15). Based on our findings, we conducted an in-the-wild music concert with
48 audience members using our system to share frisson. This paper summarizes a framework for accessing, triggering and
sharing frisson. We report our research insights, lessons learned, and limitations of "Frisson Waves".
Yan He, George Chernyshov, Jiawen Han, Dingding Zheng, Ragnar Thomsen, Danny Hynds, Muyu Liu, Yuehui Yang, Yulan
Ju, Yun Suen Pai, Kouta Minamizawa, Kai Kunze, and Jamie A War
Design of the PMT underwater cascade implosion protection system for JUNO
Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are widely used underwater in large-scale
neutrino experiments. As a hollow glass spherelike structure, implosion is
unavoidable during long-term operation under large water pressure. There is a
possibility of cascade implosion to neighbor PMTs due to shockwave. Jiangmen
Underground Neutrino Observatory designed a protection structure for each
20-inch PMT, consisting of a top cover, a bottom cover, and their connection.
This paper introduces the requirement and design of the PMT protection system,
including the material selection, investigation of manufacture technology, and
prototyping. Optimization and validation by simulation and underwater
experiments are also presented.Comment: 10 pages, 15 figure
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