Nueva especie de Trissopelopia Kieffer, 1923 (Diptera, Chironomidae, Tanypodinae, Pentaneurini) de la India

The pupae and adults of Trissopelopia bifurcata sp. n. are recorded and described from the Darjeeling Himalayas of India. The genus is recorded for the first time in India. A new key to the world species of Trissopelopia is also included.Se describen las pupas y los adultos de Trissopelopia bifurcata sp. n. procedentes del Darjeeling Himalayas (India). Es la primera cita del género en la India. Se proporciona, asimismo, una nueva clave mundial de las especies de Trissopelopia

Una nueva especie de ortocladino de Rheocricotopus Thienemann & Harnisch (Diptera, Chironomidae) de Darjeeling–Sikkim, en el Himalaya indio

The adults and pupa of a new species, Rheocricotopus rarispina are described from the Darjeeling–Sikkim Himalayas in India. The species is distinguished by the few spines on the thoracic horn, anal lobe without fringe and bristle–like L setae and presence of ovoid humeral pit, nine squamal setae, structure of anal point and triangular and subterminal crista dorsalis in the adult male. With this new species, the number of Indian species of the genus rises to six.En este trabajo se describen los ejemplares adultos y las crisálidas de una nueva especie, Rheocricotopus rarispina, procedente de Darjeeling–Sikkim, en el Himalaya indio. Dicha especie se identifica por la existencia de algunas espinas en el cuerno torácico, el lóbulo anal sin franja y sin setas parecidas a cerdas en forma de L, la presencia de una cavidad humeral ovoide, nueve setas escamosas, la estructura de la cresta anal y cresta dorsal triangular y subterminal en el macho adulto. Con ésta, el número de especies de origen indio del género asciende ya a seis

Accounting for the effect of heterogeneous plastic deformation on the formability of aluminium and steel sheets

Forming Limit Curves characterise ‘mean’ failure strains of sheet metals. Safety levels from the curves define the deterministic upper limit of the processing and part design window, which can be small for high strength, low formability materials. Effects of heterogeneity of plastic deformation, widely accepted to occur on the microscale, are neglected. Marciniak tests were carried out on aluminium alloys (AA6111-T4, NG5754-O), dual-phase steel (DP600) and mild steel (MS3). Digital image correlation was used to measure the effect of heterogeneity on failure. Heterogeneity, based on strain variance was modelled with the 2-component Gaussian Mixture Model and a framework was proposed to 1) identify the onset of necking and to 2) re-define formability as a probability to failure. The result were ‘forming maps’ in major-minor strain space of contours of constant probability (from probability, P=0 to P=1), which showed how failure risk increased with major strain. The contour bands indicated the unique degree of heterogeneity in each material. NG5754-O had the greatest width (0.07 strain) in plane strain and MS3 the lowest (0.03 strain). This novel characterisation will allow engineers to balance a desired forming window for a component design with the risk to failure of the material

Synthesis of unnatural hydroxyanthraquinones: Experiments towards total synthesis of pradimicinone

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Plant Power:Opportunities and challenges for meeting sustainable energy needs from the plant and fungal kingdoms

Societal Impact Statement Bioenergy is a major component of the global transition to renewable energy technologies. The plant and fungal kingdoms offer great potential but remain mostly untapped. Their increased use could contribute to the renewable energy transition and addressing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7 “Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all.” Current research focuses on species cultivated at scale in temperate regions, overlooking the wealth of potential new sources of small‐scale energy where they are most urgently needed. A shift towards diversified, accessible bioenergy technologies will help to mitigate and adapt to the threats of climate change, decrease energy poverty, improve human health by reducing indoor pollution, increase energy resilience of communities, and decrease greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels. Summary Bioenergy derived from plants and fungi is a major component of the global transition to renewable energy technologies. There is rich untapped diversity in the plant and fungal kingdoms that offers potential to contribute to the shift away from fossil fuels and to address the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7) “Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all.” Energy poverty—the lack of access to modern energy services—is most acute in the Global South where biodiversity is greatest and least investigated. Our systematic review of the literature over the last 5 years (2015–2020) indicates that research efforts have targeted a very small number of plant species cultivated at scale, mostly in temperate regions. The wealth of potential new sources of bioenergy in biodiverse regions, where the implementation of SDG7 is most urgently needed, has been largely overlooked. We recommend next steps for bioenergy stakeholders—research, industry, and government—to seize opportunities for innovation to alleviate energy poverty while protecting biodiversity. Small‐scale energy production using native plant species in bioenergy landscapes overcomes many pitfalls associated with bioenergy crop monocultures, such as biodiversity loss and conflict with food production. Targeted trait‐based screening of plant species and biological screening of fungi are required to characterize the potential of this resource. The benefits of diversified, accessible bioenergy go beyond the immediate urgency of energy poverty as more diverse agricultural landscapes are more resilient, store more carbon, and could also reduce the drivers of the climate and environmental emergencies