Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate: The Rationale and Role for Radiotherapy in its Management

Until recently the treatment of carcinoma of the prostate was limited either to radical prostatectomy by the perineal or retropubic route, or to hormonal manipulation. Approximately 5% of all patients with this disease are suitable candidates for radical surgery. Hormonal manipulation is palliative in nature and is generally used when there is evidence of metastatic disease (in about 50% of patients). There thus remains a group of patients (40% to 45%) in whom the disease is localized, yet too extensive for surgical treatment, for whom definitive radiotherapy can play a major role

A microangiographic study of the effect of hyperthermia on the rabbit bladder

A model was used to study the effect of hyperthermia on a normal tissue. The model selected was the rabbit bladder and the end point measured was the changes in the micro-vasculature of the bladder wall. It was already demonstrated clinically that hot water bladder infusions produce regression in bladder tumors

Primordial features and Planck polarization

With the Planck 2015 Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature and polarization data, we search for possible features in the primordial power spectrum (PPS). We revisit the Wiggly Whipped Inflation (WWI) framework and demonstrate how generation of some particular primordial features can improve the fit to Planck data. WWI potential allows the scalar field to transit from a steeper potential to a nearly flat potential through a discontinuity either in potential or in its derivatives. WWI offers the inflaton potential parametrizations that generate a wide variety of features in the primordial power spectra incorporating most of the localized and non-local inflationary features that are obtained upon reconstruction from temperature and polarization angular power spectrum. At the same time, in a single framework it allows us to have a background parameter estimation with a nearly free-form primordial spectrum. Using Planck 2015 data, we constrain the primordial features in the context of Wiggly Whipped Inflation and present the features that are supported both by temperature and polarization. WWI model provides more than $13$ improvement in $\chi^2$ fit to the data with respect to the best fit power law model considering combined temperature and polarization data from Planck and B-mode polarization data from BICEP and Planck dust map. We use 2-4 extra parameters in the WWI model compared to the featureless strict slow roll inflaton potential. We find that the differences between the temperature and polarization data in constraining background cosmological parameters such as baryon density, cold dark matter density are reduced to a good extent if we use primordial power spectra from WWI. We also discuss the extent of bispectra obtained from the best potentials in arbitrary triangular configurations using the BI-spectra and Non-Gaussianity Operator (BINGO).Comment: v1: 22 pages, 7 figures and 1 table; v2: 23 pages, 7 figures and 1 table, minor changes, references added, matches published version in JCA

Ac relaxation mechanism in some cuprate glasses

Electrical conductivity and dielectric properties of some unconventional lead cuprate glasses have been reported in the temperature range of 80-550 K and in the frequency range 102 -106 Hz. The experimental data have been analyzed in the light of different theoretical models. It has been observed that at low temperatures, the ac conductivity is much higher than the dc conductivity and the hopping of electrons between localized states near the Fermi level is the dominant loss mechanism. At higher temperatures, the ac conductivity approaches the dc conductivity and the dipolar relaxation model with a distribution of relaxation times can give the best description of the experimental data. Dipolar relaxation occurs due to the hopping of charge carriers within a range of energies near the mobility edge. The conductivity relaxation model provides satisfactory values of low- and high-frequency dielectric constants and dc conductivity. On the other hand, the random-free-energy-barrier model is not consistent with the dielectric data. The unconventional glass network former PbO gives rise to large values of the low- and high-frequency dielectric constants and a narrower distribution of relaxation times than the conventional network formers

AC conductivity of unconventional bismuth cuprate glass

The frequency dependence of the AC electrical conductivity of different compositions of bismuth cuprate glasses has been presented in the temperature range 80 - 400 K. The conductivity data have been analysed in terms of different theoretical models to determine the possible conduction mechanism. Analysis of the conductivity data and the frequency exponent shows that the correlated barrier hopping of electrons between Cu+ and Cu3+ ions in the glasses is the most favourable mechanism for AC conduction. The different parameters obtained from the fits of this model to the experimental data are reasonable. The high value of the dielectric constant observed in this glass system can be attributed to the influence of the high polarizability of the Bi3+ions of the unconventional network former Bi2O3 on the AC response