The 1977 Protocols to the Geneva Convention of 1949

Recently ratified Protocols to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 reflect the experiences of the last three decades. Among subjects covered are means and methods of warfare, legality of weapons, protection of medical transportation, and internal warfare

Special Forces\u27 Wear of Non-Standard Uniforms

In February 2002, newspapers in the United States and United Kingdom published complaints by some nongovernmental organizations ( NGOs ) about US and other Coalition special operations forces operating in Afghanistan in civilian clothing. The reports sparked debate within the NGO community and among military judge advocates about the legality of such actions. At the US Special Operations Command ( USSOCOM ) annual Legal Conference, May 13-17, 2002, the judge advocate debate became intense. While some attendees raised questions of illegality and the right or obligation of special operations forces to refuse an illegal order to wear civilian clothing, others urged caution. The discussion was unclassified, and many in the room were not privy to information regarding Operation ENDURING FREEDOM, Special Forces, its special mission units, or the missions assigned them. [CONT

RT-GENE: Real-time eye gaze estimation in natural environments

In this work, we consider the problem of robust gaze estimation in natural environments. Large camera-to-subject distances and high variations in head pose and eye gaze angles are common in such environments. This leads to two main shortfalls in state-of-the-art methods for gaze estimation: hindered ground truth gaze annotation and diminished gaze estimation accuracy as image resolution decreases with distance. We first record a novel dataset of varied gaze and head pose images in a natural environment, addressing the issue of ground truth annotation by measuring head pose using a motion capture system and eye gaze using mobile eyetracking glasses. We apply semantic image inpainting to the area covered by the glasses to bridge the gap between training and testing images by removing the obtrusiveness of the glasses. We also present a new real-time algorithm involving appearance-based deep convolutional neural networks with increased capacity to cope with the diverse images in the new dataset. Experiments with this network architecture are conducted on a number of diverse eye-gaze datasets including our own, and in cross dataset evaluations. We demonstrate state-of-the-art performance in terms of estimation accuracy in all experiments, and the architecture performs well even on lower resolution images