A large mid-Holocene estuary was not present in the lower River Murray, Australia

Recent research has suggested that during the mid-Holocene (c. 8500 to 5000 cal yr BP) a large estuary occupied the lower River Murray and its terminal lakes (Lakes Alexandrina and Albert: herein the Lower Lakes) in South Australia. This research has questioned both reconstructions of past River Murray discharge and contemporary environmental water provisions aimed at maintaining the freshwater state of the Lower Lakes. We show that (1) a large mid-Holocene estuary extending into the lower River Murray was not physically possible, and (2) that the River Murray and Lower Lakes were predominantly fresh during the mid-Holocene. Sea level was well below present at the time of purported initiation of estuarine sedimentation and, therefore, could not have allowed formation of an estuary. Holocene human occupation of the lower River Murray valley, that was reliant on freshwater resources, negates the existence of a large estuary in the valley. A variety of freshwater indicators in sediments from in, and around, the Lower Lakes negate the notion of significant marine incursion. Hence, current management of the Lower Lakes as freshwater ecosystems is consistent with their Holocene history.J. Tibby, B. Bourman, C. Wilson, L. M. Mosley, A. P. Belperio, D. D. Ryan ... et al

Planck-HFI optical design and pre-flight performances

Planck is a European Space Agency (ESA) satellite, launched in May 2009, which is mapping the Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropies in intensity and polarisation with unprecedented detail and sensitivity. It will also provide full-sky maps of astrophysical foregrounds. An accurate knowledge of the telescope beam patterns is an essential element for a correct analysis of the acquired astrophysical data. We present the optical design of the High Frequency Instrument (HFI) together with the optical performances measured during the ground calibration campaigns. We report on the evolution of the knowledge of the pre-launch HFI beam patterns when coupled to the telescope, and on their significance for the HFI data analysis procedure

Macrófitas aquáticas do sistema lacustre do Vale do Rio Doce, Minas Gerais, Brasil

Resumo Esta pesquisa trata da composição e da ocorrência de espécies de macrófitas aquáticas em área de proteção ambiental e áreas não protegidas, que compõem o conjunto de lagos do Vale do Rio Doce em Minas Gerais, terceiro maior sistema lacustre brasileiro. As informações foram levantadas a partir de publicações, material depositado em herbários e coletas botânicas entre os anos de 2007 e 2010, em ambientes aquáticos localizados no Parque Estadual do Rio Doce (PERD) e zona de amortecimento. Foram registradas 184 espécies pertencentes a distintos grupos taxonômicos, hábitos e formas biológicas, sendo aqui proposta a criação de uma nova categoria destas, designada embalsada, para contemplar plantas que se estabelecem em ilhas flutuantes. A pesquisa contribuiu com 152 novas citações para o Vale do Rio Doce em Minas Gerais, com dois primeiros registros nesse estado e com a descrição de uma espécie inédita para a ciência. A similaridade florística entre áreas protegidas e não protegidas indicou que o PERD guarda 74% das espécies de macrófitas aquáticas encontradas. Entretanto, 26% do total de espécies estão desprotegidas, pois não ocorrem nessa unidade de conservação

R. Limouzin-Lamothe. I. La Commune de Toulouse et les sources de son histoire (1120-1249), étude critique suivie de l'édition du Cartulaire du Consulat, Édouard Privat ; Paris, Henri Didier, 1932 ; II. Bibliographie critique de l'histoire municipale de Toulouse des origines à 1789, Toulouse, Édouard Privat ; Paris, Henri Didier, 1932

Calmette Joseph. R. Limouzin-Lamothe. I. La Commune de Toulouse et les sources de son histoire (1120-1249), étude critique suivie de l'édition du Cartulaire du Consulat, Édouard Privat ; Paris, Henri Didier, 1932 ; II. Bibliographie critique de l'histoire municipale de Toulouse des origines à 1789, Toulouse, Édouard Privat ; Paris, Henri Didier, 1932. In: Annales du Midi : revue archéologique, historique et philologique de la France méridionale, Tome 44, N°175, 1932. pp. 357-362