Evaluating the Rationale for Folding Wing Tips Comparing the Exergy and Breguet Approaches

The design and development processes for future aircraft aims to address the environmental and efficiency challenges needed to facilitate the engineering of concepts that are far more integrated and require a multidisciplinary approach. This study investigates the benefit of incorporating span extension wing tips onto future aircraft configurations as a method of providing improved aerodynamic efficiency, whilst allowing the extension to fold on the ground to meet airport gate size constraints. Although the actuated wing tips are not studied in detail, the focus of this study is to compare two different methods of analysis that can be used to identify the benefit and limitations of adding such devices. The two methods considered are a quasi-steady implicit energy analysis based on the Breguet Range Equation and an explicit energy analysis based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics known as Exergy Analysis. It has been found that both methods provide agreeable results and have individual merits. The Breguet Range Equation can provide quick results in early design, whilst the Exergy Analysis has been found to be far more extensive and allows the complete dynamic behaviour of the aircraft to be assessed through a single metric. Hence, allowing comparison of losses from multiple subsystems

Loss-tolerant operations in parity-code linear optics quantum computing

A heavy focus for optical quantum computing is the introduction of error-correction, and the minimisation of resource requirements. We detail a complete encoding and manipulation scheme designed for linear optics quantum computing, incorporating scalable operations and loss-tolerant architecture.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure

The health status of Irish honeybee colonies in 2006

peer-reviewedThis study assessed the health status of Irish honeybee colonies and provides a snapshot of the incidence of a number of important colony parasites/pathogens including: the mite Varroa destructor; three associated viruses (deformed wing virus (DWV), acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV) and Kashmir virus (KBV)); the tracheal mite Acarapis woodi; the microsporidian Nosema spp., and the insect Braula coeca. During June/July 2006, 135 samples of adult bees were collected from productive colonies throughout Ireland and standard techniques were used to determine the presence and absence of the parasites and pathogens. Varroa destructor was positively identified in 72.6% of the samples and was widely distributed. Although the samples were analysed for three viruses, DWV, ABPV and KBV, only DWV was detected (frequency = 12.5%). Acarapis woodi and Nosema spp. occurred in approximately 11% and 22% of the samples, respectively, while B. coeca, a wingless dipteran that was once common in Irish honeybee colonies, was very rare (3.7%). Samples where all the pathogens/parasites were jointly absent were statistically under-represented in Leinster and DWV was statistically over-represented in Munster. In Ulster, there was over-representation of the categories where all parasites/pathogens were jointly absent and for A. woodi, and underrepresentation of V. destructor.The project was funded by EU FEOGA and the National Apiculture Programme 2007–2010 of the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine

Trident: A three-pronged galaxy survey. I. Lyman alpha emitting galaxies at z~2 in GOODS North

Context. Lyman alpha emitting galaxies (LAEs) are used to probe the distant universe and are therefore important for galaxy evolution studies and for providing clues to the nature of the epoch of reionization, but the exact circumstances under which Lyman alpha escapes a galaxy are still not fully understood. Aims. The Trident project is designed to simultaneously examine Lyman alpha, H-alpha and Lyman Continuum emission from galaxies at redshift z~2, thus linking together these three aspects of ionising radiation in galaxies. In this paper, we outline the strategy of this project and examine the properties of LAEs in the GOODS North field. Methods. We performed a narrowband LAE survey in GOODS North using existing and two custom made filters at the Nordic Optical Telescope with MOSCA. We use complementary broad band archival data in the field to make a careful candidate selection and perform optical to near-IR SED fitting. We also estimate far-infrared luminosities by matching our candidates to detections in Spitzer/MIPS 24{\mu}m and Herschel/PACS catalogs. Results. We find a total of 25 LAE candidates, probing mainly the bright end of the LAE luminosity function with L_Ly {\alpha} ~ 1-15e42 erg/s. They display a range of masses of ~0.5-50e9 M_solar, and average ages from a few tens of Myr to 1 Gyr when assuming a constant star formation history. The majority of our candidates also show signs of recent elevated star formation. Three candidates have counterparts in the GOODS-Herschel far-IR catalogue, with luminosities consistent with ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs). Conclusions. The wide range of parameters derived from our SED fitting, as well as part of our sample being detected as ULIRGs, seems to indicate that at these Lyman alpha luminosities, LAEs do not necessarily have to be young dwarfs, and that a lack of dust is not required for Lyman alpha to escape.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures. Accepted version for publication in A&

In vitro maturation of a 16 S RNA precursor

Status of Irrigation Management Transfer in Indi

Loss Tolerant Optical Qubits

We present a linear optics quantum computation scheme that employs a new encoding approach that incrementally adds qubits and is tolerant to photon loss errors. The scheme employs a circuit model but uses techniques from cluster state computation and achieves comparable resource usage. To illustrate our techniques we describe a quantum memory which is fault tolerant to photon loss

Measurement of Resonance Driving Terms at SPS at 26 GeV

In 2001 a series of experiments has been performed at the SPS at an energy of 26 GeV to measure resonance driving terms. Theory predicts that these terms can be determined by harmonic analysis of BPM data recorded after applying single kicks. This analysis works equally well for linear and non–linear diagnostics of accelerators. Results of the experiments are presented, including a direct measurement of resonance driving terms and a comparison to the theory

Programmed schedule holds for improving launch vehicle holds

Baseline definition and system optimization are used for the analysis of programmed holds developed through prelaunch system analysis. Identification of design specifications for ground support equipment and maintenance concepts, and design specifications are used to describe the functional utilization of the overall flow process