中学・高校における英語４技能の評価 －伝統的評価からICTによる評価まで－

教師は学習者の反応・興味・アチーブメントを基に自分の授業（指導）を評価する必要があるし、それにより教師が指導項目の生徒への定着の度合いを判定することができる。また生徒もこの評価プロセスに参加し、自らの学習レベルと同時に学習の効果を判断する。このように評価により、教師・生徒ともに自らの指導や学習に関する成功・失敗・反省の材料などを得ることができるのである。したがって評価は、生徒が自らの学習を改善するために、また、教師が自らの指導をより優れたものにしていくために欠かすことのできない活動となる

English Language Teaching and Education in East Asia

There is no doubt that the use of English and teaching of it has continued to spread in East Asia as the world becomes more interdependent in economic matters. For access to world knowledge and technology, English has been as the most powerful language today.In this paper, we will investigate the past and present situation of EFL(i.e.,English as a foreign language) teaching and education in the People\u27s Republic of China (china), South Korea and the Republic of China (Taiwan)

The Role of Motivation in ESL/EFL Learning

According to Harmer (2007a), it is accepted for most fields of learning that motivation is essential to success: we have to want to do something to succeed in it. Harmer (2007b) also states that a variety of factors can create a desire to learn. In this paper, we will examine what kind of role motivation palys in ESL/EFL learning

Successful treatment of unresectable advanced rectal cancer with liver metastases by hemostasis re-irradiation of the rectal cancer and palliative low-dose whole-liver radiation therapy: a case report.

A 72-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with fatigue. Colonoscopy revealed a 50 × 50 mm rectal tumor with bleeding. Based on close inspection, he was diagnosed with unresectable advanced rectal cancer with multiple liver metastases. Chemotherapy was administered as 10 cycles of bevacizumab + mFOLFOX6 and 7 cycles of bevacizumab + FOLFIRI. Nine months later, he presented with hematochezia and progression of anemia. It was difficult to stop the bleeding via endoscopy. He underwent radiation therapy (39 Gy in 13 fractions), and hemostasis was confirmed. Then, further chemotherapy was performed with 3 cycles of bevacizumab + FOLFIRI and 2 cycles of TAS102. However 14 months after the initial visit, he presented with right hypochondralgia and abdominal fullness due to the progression of multiple liver metastases. Palliative low-dose whole-liver radiation therapy (WLRT) (30 Gy in 10 fractions) was performed. He developed Grade 2 nausea, but his right hypochondralgia reduced, liver dysfunction improved, and he successfully completed radiotherapy. At approximately the same time his anemia progressed, and colonoscopy revealed recurrent bleeding from the tumor. Re-irradiation (15 Gy in 5 fractions) of the rectal tumor was carried out and a blood transfusion was performed for the bleeding. He was discharged after confirmation the anemia had not progressed. Few reports have been published on the use of both palliative re-irradiation to stop bleeding from rectal cancer and palliative low-dose WLRT. Based on our experience with this case, we believe that palliative radiotherapy can be useful in treating patients with a poor prognosis

Retrorectal epidermoid cyst with unusually elevated serum SCC level, initially diagnosed as an ovarian tumor

Retrorectal epidermoid cyst is one of the developmental cysts which arise from remnants of embryonic tissues. We report a rare case of retrorectal epidermoid cyst, initially diagnosed as an ovarian tumor. Serum SCC value as tumor marker was elevated to the high level. Laparoscopy revealed ovaries, uterus and other pelvic organs were all normal. This tumor existed in the retroperitoneal cavity and compressed the rectum. Later, complete tumor resection was performed by laparotomy. Histological study revealed the epithelium of this tumor consisted of only squamous cells without atypia, and the diagnosis of this tumor was retrorectal epidermoid cyst. Retrorectal epidermoid cyst is very rare, and difficult to diagnose before surgery. However, if we have-knowledge of developmental cysts, and by careful digital examination and image diagnosis, a differential diagnosis can be made

Central administration of melanocortin agonist increased insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obese rats

AbstractIn this study, we examined the effects of intracerebroventricular administration of melanotan II (MTII), a melanocortin agonist, on insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats. Although MTII treatment significantly decreased food intake and body weight for 10 days, there was no significant difference in body weight between MTII and pair-fed groups. The insulin tolerance test showed that insulin sensitivity was significantly improved in the MTII group compared to the pair-fed group. Furthermore, MTII treatment increased the number of small-sized adipocytes in epididymal white adipose tissues, suggesting that MTII increased insulin sensitivity through action on the white adipose tissues in DIO rats

Older boys benefit from higher initial prednisolone therapy for nephrotic syndrome

Older boys benefit from higher initial prednisolone therapy for nephrotic syndrome.BackgroundA long course of the initial prednisolone therapy has been shown to be more effective than standard-course therapy in reducing relapse rates in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, but it is commonly accompanied by corticosteroid toxicities. There has been no study on prednisolone dosage for the effective treatment of nephrotic syndrome.MethodsSixty-eight children (42 boys and 26 girls) with an initial attack of nephrotic syndrome were randomly allocated into two different long-course treatment groups. Patients in Group 1 received a daily prednisolone dose of 60 mg/m2 for six weeks, followed by an alternate-day dose of 40 mg/m2 for six weeks. Patients in Group 2 had a daily dose of 40 mg/m2 instead of 60 mg/m2.ResultsFour children in each group did not respond within six weeks. Group 1 was associated with a significantly earlier response but more frequent corticosteroid toxicities than Group 2. Boys in Group 1 had a higher rate of sustained remission than boys in Group 2 (P = 0.0073), especially boys four years old or more (P = 0.0027), but girls did not show a significant difference (P = 0.863). Boys four years old or more in Group 1 had a course of frequent relapsing less often than those in Group 2 (2 of 13 vs. 6 of 8, P = 0.0075).ConclusionThese findings indicate that efficient prednisolone doses may vary between sexes and ages, and that a higher initial prednisolone therapy may be of greater benefit to older boys

Bioassay Using Daphnia Daphnia Trajectories

金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科Scedule:17-18 March 2003, Vemue: Kanazawa, Japan, Kanazawa Citymonde Hotel, Project Leader : Hayakawa, Kazuichi, Symposium Secretariat: XO kamata, Naoto, Edited by:Kamata, Naoto

Effects of fish collagen peptides on collagen post-translational modifications and mineralization in an osteoblastic cell culture system

Collagen is one of the most widely used biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Fish collagen peptides (FCP) have been used as a dietary supplement, but their effects on the cellular function are still poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of FCP on collagen synthesis, quality and mineralization using an osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cell culture system. Cells treated with FCP significantly upregulated the gene expression of several collagen modifying enzymes and more collagen was deposited in the cultures. Collagen in the treated group showed a greater extent of lysine hydroxylation, higher levels of hydroxylysine-aldehyde derived cross-links and accelerated cross-link maturation compared with the untreated group. Furthermore, the treated group showed accelerated matrix mineralization. These results indicate that FCP exerts a positive effect on osteoblastic cells in terms of collagen synthesis, quality and mineralization, thereby suggesting the potential utility of FCP for bone tissue engineering