Development of primary central nervous system post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder immediately after cytomegalovirus viremia in an MDS patient who received cord blood transplantation

　Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), and EBV reactivation after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is highly correlated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation, which might be a risk factor for PTLD. We encountered a myelodysplastic syndrome patient with PTLD in the central nervous system who experienced sequential CMV and EBV reactivation immediately after allo-HSCT. Previous studies have suggested relationships between CMV and EBV reactivation and between CMV reactivation and PTLD. Our case suggests the importance of CMV monitoring in patients after allo-HSCT to preventPTLD

Hepatitis B virus strains of subgenotype A2 with an identical sequence spreading rapidly from the capital region to all over Japan in patients with acute hepatitis B

ObjectiveTo examine recent trends of acute infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Japan by nationwide surveillance and phylogenetic analyses.MethodsDuring 1991 through 2009, a sentinel surveillance was conducted in 28 national hospitals in a prospective cohort study. Genotypes of HBV were determined in 547 patients with acute hepatitis B. Nucleotide sequences in the preS1/S2/S gene of genotype A and B isolates were determined for phylogenetic analyses.ResultsHBV genotype A was detected in 137 (25% (accompanied by genotype G in one)) patients, B in 48 (9%), C in 359 (66%), and other genotypes in the remaining three (0.5%). HBV persisted in five with genotype A including the one accompanied by genotype G; another was co-infected with HIV type 1. The genotype was A in 4.8% of patients during 1991-1996, 29.3% during 1997-2002, and 50.0% during 2003-2008 in the capital region, as against 6.5%, 8.5% and 33.1%, respectively, in other regions. Of the 114 genotype A isolates, 13 (11.4%) were subgenotype A1, and 101 (88.6%) were A2, whereas of the 43 genotype B isolates, 10 (23.3%) were subgenotype B1, 28 (65.1%) were B2, two (4.7%) were B3, and three (7.0%) were B4. Sequences of 65 (64%) isolates of A2 were identical, as were three (23%) of A1, and five (18%) of B2, but none of the B1, B3 and B4 isolates shared a sequence.ConclusionsAcute infection with HBV of genotype A, subgenotype A2 in particular, appear to be increasing, mainly through sexual contact, and spreading from the capital region to other regions in Japan nationwide. Infection persisted in 4% of the patients with genotype A, and HBV strains with an identical sequence prevailed in subgenotype A2 infections. This study indicates the need for universal vaccination of young people to prevent increases in HBV infection in Japan

Reconversión Casa República 97 : la búsqueda de la objetividad y el criterio en la reconversión de patrimonio arquitectónico

Tesis (Magíster en Tecnología)El caso a tratar es una casa en Avenida Republica 97, diseñado por el Arquitecto Emilio Jecquier. La casa se construye en los inicios del siglo XX con el programa como casa de la época estilo eclecticismo. Con el paso de tiempo su programa va cambiando y la construcción es modificada, donde fue desapareciendo la figura inicial. La casa actualmente esta abandonada. Las etapas de estudio son las siguientes 1- Lo constructivo sintáctico, semántica estilística y programa historisista: se estudió el programa, materialidad y apariencia, los componentes espaciales de la casa y las relaciones geométricas. Luego se profundiza y se reflexiona sobre la apariencia estética, los componentes, la influencia que tubo la obra y el autor. 2- Sustentabilidad: Se estudia el valor de la obra y la sustentabilidad ya sea energética, patrimonial y financiero considerando el contexto urbano junto con los usuarios. 3- Modelo conceptual Se propone un modelo conceptual y se estudia la compatibilidad con las dos etapas anteriores. 4-Modelo propuest