SUBARU Near-Infrared Multi-Color Images of Class II Young Stellar Object, RNO91

We conducted sub-arcsecond near-infrared imaging observations of RNO91 with CIAO mounted on the SUBARU 8.2 m telescope. We present our JHK band data along with optical images, which when considered together reveal a complex circumstellar structure. We examined the colors of associated nebula and compared the geometry of the outflow/disk system suggested by our data with that already proposed on the basis of previous studies. Our K-band image shows bright circumstellar nebulosity detected within 2"(300AU) around the central source while it is less conspicuous at shorter wavelengths such as J and optical. P.A. and size of this red color nebulosity in our H-K color image agree with those of the previously detected polarization disk. These data agreement indicate that this bright circumstellar nebulosity region which follows the reddening law might be attributed to a disk-like structure. At J and optical wavelengths, several blue knot-like structures are detected around and beyond the bright circumstellar nebulosity. We suggest that these knotty reflection nebulae may represent disintegrating fragments of an infalling envelope. The three-color composite image has an appearance of arc-shaped nebulosity extending to the north and to the east through the central source. On the other end of this arc-shaped structure, the nebula appears to become more extended (2."3 long) to the southwest. We interpret these structures as roots of bipolar cavities opening to the northeast and southwest. The complex distribution of reflection nebulosity seen around RNO91 appears to confirm the interpretation of this source as an object dispersing its molecular envelope while transitioning from protostar to T Tauri star.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures, Accepted by Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japa

Molecular line observations of IC 443 - the interaction of a molecular cloud and an interstellar shock

The supernova remnant IC 443 is colliding with several molecular clouds which are now situated close to the expanding rim. Observations of CO, 13CO, HCO+, and HCN at frequencies between 88 and 356 GHz have been obtained toward several of these molecular clouds to examine the effects of the strong shock with the neutral gas in the clouds. The spatial distributions of CO, HCN and HCO+ are found to be very similar, and well correlated with that of shocked molecular hydrogen. The molecular lines observed from this area are very broad, having line-widths of up to 90 km s-1. The effect of the shock has been to cause extensive fragmentation of the cloud into dynamically unstable systems of fragments having typical size scales of 0.1-0.3 pc. A spectral line survey between 84 and 104 GHz has been carried out, which includes a number of molecular species which have been chosen as diagnostics of shock chemistry. Modeling carried out for several molecular species shows that CO emission from the high-velocity gas is usually optically thin, but for other species, the lines may be optically thick and subthermally excited

Submillimetre HCO⁺ observations of warm cloud cores: the excitation of molecular lines in dense star formation regions

The authors have made submillimetre wavelength observations towards the cores of the molecular clouds S 255, DR21, DR21(OH), OMC-2 and Mon R2, in the J = 4-3 transitions of HCO+ and H13CO+, in order to investigate their spatial and velocity structure. In general, the observed line profiles towards these sources suggest the presence of small scale fragmentation (clumping) in the densest regions on scales of ~0.1 pc. These data are analyzed in conjunction with submillimetre wavelength continuum measurements at λ = 370 μm, which are used to estimate average gas densities. Hence, combined spatial and velocity dilution factors are derived, together with values for the relative abundance of HCO+. The dilution factors have a fairly invariant value of ~0.1 for all sources. The relative molecular abundances estimated for Mon R2 and DR21 are an order of magnitude higher than those for the other sources observed. The radiative transfer conditions and possible alternative mechanisms for excitation of the HCO+ J = 4-3 transition are discussed

Students’ learning from practicing of tracheal aspiration technique using a model : Toward acquisition of suction technique that is safe and gives consideration to patient’s suffering

本研究の目的は，安全かつ患者の苦痛に配慮した的確な気管吸引技術の習得に向けた看護教育を検討するために，気管吸引の講義および演習での技術習得に加え，「吸引を受ける患者の身体的・心理的状態について推し測ったこと」「看護師として吸引を行う上で配慮すべき大切なこと」という２つのレポート課題を通し，看護学生が，「看護師として吸引を行う上で配慮すべき大切なこと」と考えた内容を明らかにすることである． 対象はA看護系大学の３年生で，気管吸引の技術演習後に「看護師として吸引を行う上で配慮すべき大切なこと」について自由記述されたレポートをテキスト分析した． 看護学生が「看護師として吸引を行う上で配慮すべき大切なこと」と考えた内容は６つのドメインに統合され，最も回答数が多かったのは【吸引を受ける患者の理解】であった． 【吸引を受ける患者の理解】は【吸引を受ける患者に寄り添った声掛け】および【吸引に伴う合併症を理解した負担の少ない手技】と強く共起していた．学生は，「看護師として吸引を行う上で配慮すべき大切なこと」として【吸引を受ける患者の理解】に導かれる身体面への配慮と心理面への配慮を表現していた． 吸引の安全性をさらに高めるためには回答数が少ない【吸引の全過程における患者の状態観察とアセスメント】【効果のある確実な吸引技術】を強化する必要があり，講義・演習・レポートに加え，学生個々の記述を，グループで共有し看護としての妥当性・過不足の面から吟味し検討する教育の必要性が示唆された．This research study examined the effect of teaching-learning on the proper intratracheal aspiration technique with the maximum attention on preventing pain during the procedure. To conduct the study, the participants were third year nursing students at A nursing university. They were required to take lectures on intratracheal aspiration and subsequently demonstrate mastery of the technique from practicing. They were also required to write their experiences based on two themes : How to assess the physical and psychological status of patients undergoing aspiration? and, What should be considered as important for a nurse to carry out intratracheal aspiration? After the practice sessions, students submitted their free-writing style reports for text analyses conducted by the researchers. “Correct understanding on the side of the patient” was the most common answer to the question of “what should be considered to be important for a nurse to carry out intratracheal aspiration?” This answer concurs strongly with two other answers : “saying something by the side of the patient undergoing aspiration” and “a technique imposing little burden on the patient faced with aspiration.”From these data, the students expressed the need to care for the physical and psychological aspects of patients. To strengthen the safety of of patients from aspiration, it was necessary to improve “the observation and assessment of the status of patients throughout the process of aspiration,” and develop “a more effective and secure intratracheal aspiration technique.” Both of these items ranked low in the list of answers. It was indicated that remarks from individual students in addition to lectures, practice, and reports needed to be shared and be incorporated into an educational content and method that aimed at examining patient safety from aspiration during intratrachel technique considering aspects of relevancy and appropriateness of nursing practice policies

Near-Infrared Coronagraphic Observations of the T Tauri Binary System UY Aur

We present a near-infrared image of UY Aur, a 0.9" separated binary system, using the Coronagraphic Imager with Adaptive Optics on the Subaru Telescope. Thanks to adaptive optics, the spatial resolution of our image was ~0.1" in the full width at half maximum of the point spread function, the highest achieved. By comparison with previous measurements, we estimated that the orbital period is ~1640 yrs and the total mass of the binary is ~1.73 solar mass. The observed H-band magnitude of the secondary varies by as much as 1.3 mag within a decade, while that of the primary is rather stable. This inconstancy may arise from photospheric variability caused by an uneven accretion rate or from the rotation of the secondary. We detected a half-ring shaped circumbinary disk around the binary with a bright southwest part but a barely detectable northeast portion. The brightness ratio is ~57. Its inner radius and inclination are about 520 AU and 42, respectively. The disk is not uniform but has remarkable features, including a clumpy structure along the disk, circumstellar material inside the inner cavity, and an extended armlike structure. The circumstellar material inside the cavity probably corresponds to a clump or material accreting from the disk onto the binary. The armlike structure is a part of the disk, created by the accretion from the outer region of the disk or encounters with other stellar systems.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures; accepted for publication in A

H band Image of a Planetary Companion around HR 8799 in 2002

The discovery of three planetary companions around HR 8799 (Marois et al. 2008) marked a significant epoch in direct imaging of extrasolar planets. Given the importance of this system, we re-analyzed H band images of HR 8799 obtained with the Subaru 36-elements adaptive optics (AO) in July 2002. The low-order AO imaging combined with the classical PSF-subtraction methods even revealed the extrasolar planet, HR 8799b. Our observations in 2002 confirmed that it has been orbiting HR 8799 in a counter-clockwise direction. The flux of HR 8799b was consistent with those in the later epochs within the uncertainty of 0.25 mag, further supporting the planetary mass estimate by Marois et al. (2008).Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Lette

Microbial mat compositions and localization patterns explain the virulence of black band disease in corals

Black band disease (BBD) in corals is characterized by a distinctive, band-like microbial mat, which spreads across the tissues and often kills infected colonies. The microbial mat is dominated by cyanobacteria but also commonly contains sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (SOB), sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), and other microbes. The migration rate in BBD varies across different environmental conditions, including temperature, light, and pH. However, whether variations in the migration rates reflect differences in the microbial consortium within the BBD mat remains unknown. Here, we show that the micro-scale surface structure, bacterial composition, and spatial distribution differed across BBD lesions with different migration rates. The migration rate was positively correlated with the relative abundance of potential SOBs belonging to Arcobacteraceae localized in the middle layer within the mat and negatively correlated with the relative abundance of other potential SOBs belonging to Rhodobacteraceae. Our study highlights the microbial composition in BBD as an important determinant of virulence

Subaru near infrared coronagraphic images of T Tauri

High angular resolution near-infrared (JHK) adaptive optics images of T Tau were obtained with the infrared camera Coronagraphic Imager with Adaptive Optics (CIAO) mounted on the 8.2m Subaru Telescope in 2002 and 2004. The images resolve a complex circumstellar structure around a multiple system. We resolved T Tau Sa and Sb as well as T Tau N and S. The estimated orbit of T Tau Sb indicates that it is probably bound to T Tau Sa. The K band flux of T Tau S decreased by ˜ 1.7 Jy in 2002 November compared with that in 2001 mainly because T Tau Sa became fainter. The arc-like ridge detected in our near-infrared images is consistent with what is seen at visible wavelengths, supporting the interpretation in previous studies that the arc is part of the cavity wall seen relatively pole-on. Halo emission is detected out to ˜2\u27\u27from T Tau N. This may be light scattered off the common envelope surrounding the T Tauri multiple system

Search for Outer Massive Bodies around Transiting Planetary Systems: Candidates of Faint Stellar Companions around HAT-P-7

We present results of direct imaging observations for HAT-P-7 taken with the Subaru HiCIAO and the Calar Alto AstraLux. Since the close-in transiting planet HAT-P-7b was reported to have a highly tilted orbit, massive bodies such as giant planets, brown dwarfs, or a binary star are expected to exist in the outer region of this system. We show that there are indeed two candidates for distant faint stellar companions around HAT-P-7. We discuss possible roles played by such companions on the orbital evolution of HAT-P-7b. We conclude that as there is a third body in the system as reported by Winn et al. (2009, ApJL, 763, L99), the Kozai migration is less likely while planet-planet scattering is possible.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, PASJ in pres