Histochemical studies of adenosine triphosphatase activity of liver cells exposed to ribonuclease

It has been revealed that ribonuclease (RNase) can penetrate into living cells and inhibits amino acid incorporation into proteins resulting in the suppression of protein synthesis and growth of living cells. BHIDE, BRACHET&#185;, KAUFMAN and DAs have proven that the RNase penetrates into onion root-tip cells and induces a number of mitotic abnormalities. KIMOTO and others&#178; also have revealed that RNase injection into mice results in the reduction of cytoplasmic basophilia with the morphologic change of endoplasmic reticulum and the disturbances in DNA synthesis as demonstrated histochemically on pancreatic exocrine cells and liver cells. But there is little information so far on the mechanisms of penetration of RNase into living cells. PILLERI&#179; and SCHUMAKER4 in Brachet's laboratory have demonstrated the uptake of RNase by pinocytosis in amoebae and cancer cells. This may suggest the penetration of RNase through the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum in the cells whose RNase contents are low5, however it is reasonablly supposed that some phosphatase may be concerned with the permeability of RNase.</p

Early Rehabilitation with Weight-bearing Standing-shaking-board Exercise in Combination with Electrical Muscle Stimulation after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

The objective of early rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is to increase the muscle strength of the lower extremities. Closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercise induces co-contraction of the agonist and antagonist muscles. The purpose of this study was to compare the postoperative muscle strength/mass of subjects who performed our new CKC exercise (new rehabilitation group:group N) from week 4, and subjects who received traditional rehabilitation alone (traditional rehabilitation group:group T). The subjects stood on the device and maintained balance. Then, low-frequency stimulation waves were applied to 2 points each in the anterior and posterior region of the injured thigh 3 times a week for 3 months. Measurement of muscle strength was performed 4 times (before the start, and then once a month). Muscle mass was evaluated in CT images of the extensor and flexor muscles of 10 knees (10 subjects) in each group. The injured legs of group N showed significant improvement after one month compared to group T. The cross-sectional area of the extensor muscles of the injured legs tended to a show a greater increase at 3 months in group N. This rehabilitation method makes it possible to contract fast-twitch muscles, which may be a useful for improving extensor muscle strength after ACL reconstruction

Limnological Pre-survey of Lake Phewa, Nepal

Article信州大学理学部紀要 15(1): 27-29(1980)departmental bulletin pape

Supersymmetry Breaking and Gravitino Production after Inflation in Modular Invariant Supergravity

By using a string-inspired modular invariant supergravity, which was proved well to explain WMAP observations appropriately, a mechanism of supersymmetry breaking (SSB) and Gravitino Production just after the end of inflation are investigated. Supersymmetry is broken mainly by F-term of the inflaton superfield and the Goldstino is identified to be inflatino in this model, which fact is shown numerically. By using the canonically normalized and diagonalized scalars, the decay rates of these fields are calculated, for both the $T$ and $Y$ into gravitinos. Non-thermal production of gravitinos is not generated from the inflaton (dilaton), since the inflaton mass is lighter than gravitino, but they are produced by the decay of modular field $T$ and scalar field $Y$. Because the reheating temperature $T_R$ is about order $\sim O(10^{10})$ GeV and the mass of gravitino is $3.16 \times 10^{12}$ GeV, it is not reproduced after the reheating of the universe. The gravitinos are produced almost instantly just after the end of inflation through $Y$ and $T$, not from inflaton. Because the decay time appears very rapid, gravitinos disappear before the BBN stage of the universe. The effects of the lightest supersymmetric particles (LSP) produced by gravitinos may be important to investigate more carefully, if the LSP's are the candidate of dark matter.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figure

Dilatonic Inflation, Gravitino and Reheating in Modified Modular invariant Supergravity

A new modified string-inspired modular invariant supergravity model is proposed and is applied to realize the slow roll inflation in Einstein frame, so that the model explains WMAP observations very well. Gravitino mass and their production rate from scalar fields are estimated at certain values of parameters in the model. Seven cases of parameter choices are discussed here, among which some examples show the possibility of observation of gauginos by LHC experiments, which will give some hints of identity of dark matters. The reheating temperature, which is estimated by the stability condition of Boltzmann equation by using the decay rates of the dilaton $S$ into gauginos, is lower than the mass of gravitino. Therefore no thermal reproduction of gravitinos happens. The ratio between the scalar and tensor power spectrum is predicted to be almost the same for the seven cases under study, and its value $r \sim 6.8 \times 10^{-2}$ seems in the range possibly observed by the Planck satellite soon. The plausible supergravity model of inflation, which will be described here, will open the hope to construct a realistic theory of particles and cosmology in this framework, including yet undetected objects.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, 2 table